قالریوس: نوسخه‌لر آراسینداکی فرق

ویکی‌پدیادان، آچیق بیلیک‌لیک‌دن
گئچمیشی اینتراکتیو حالتده گؤستر
اسکی دَییشدیرمهیئنی دَییشدیرمه
محتوای حذف‌شده محتوای افزوده‌شده
دیداریویکی‌متن
بدون خلاصۀ ویرایش
بدون خلاصۀ ویرایش
خط ۱: خط ۱:
{{Infobox Roman emperor| name = قالریوس| full name = Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus<ref name="Barnes, New Empire, p. 4">Barnes, ''New Empire'', p. 4.</ref>|regnal name=Imperator Caesar Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus| image = Romuliana Galerius head.jpg| caption = [[Porphyry (geology)|Porphyry]] bust of Galerius| succession= [[Roman Emperor|Emperor of the Roman Empire]]| reign =1 March or 21 May 293<ref>Barnes, ''Constantine and Eusebius'', pp. 8–9.</ref><ref name = "Barnes Empire">{{citation | last = Barnes | title = New Empire}}</ref>{{rp |4, 38}}<ref name = "Potter Empire">{{citation | last = Potter | title = The Roman Empire at Bay}}</ref>{{rp |288}}<ref name = "Southern Severus">{{citation | last = Southern | title = Severus to Constantine}}</ref>{{rp |146}}<ref name = "Williams Diocletian">{{citation | last = Williams | title = Diocletian}}</ref>{{rp |64–5}}<ref>The earlier dates for Galerius' appointment have been argued for based on the suggestion that the appointments of Constantius and Galerius were timed to coincide (Barnes 1981, 8–9; Southern 1999, 146). Barnes (1982, 62) argues against a dating of 21 May 293 in Nicomedia originating in Seston, ''Dioclétien'', 88ff., stating that the evidence adduced (the [[Chronicon Paschale|Paschal Chronicle]] 521 = ''Chronica Minora'' 1.229 and Lactantius, ''DMP'' 19.2) is invalid and confused. Lactantius is commenting on Diocletian and the place where Diocletian was acclaimed, and that the "Maximianus" in the text is therefore a later gloss; the Paschal Chronicle is not authoritative for this period for events outside Egypt, and may simply be commenting on the day when the laureled image of the new emperors arrived in Alexandria. Potter (2004, 650) agrees that locating the acclamation to Nicomedia is false, but believes that Seston's other evidence makes a strong case for a temporal lag between the two Caesars' acclamations.</ref>&nbsp;–&nbsp;1 May 305 (as [[Caesar (title)#Tetrarchy|Caesar]], under [[دیوکلسین]])<ref name = "Barnes, New Empire, p. 4"/><br />1 May 305&nbsp;–&nbsp;late April or early May 311 (as [[Augustus (honorific)#In the divided Roman Empire|Augustus]] alongside [[Constantius Chlorus|Constantius]] (until July 25, 306) then [[Flavius Valerius Severus|Severus]] (until spring 307) then [[Constantine I|Constantine]] (from ''ca''. September 307; unrecognized by Galerius' coinage from ''ca''. September 307 to November 308) then [[لیسینیوس]] (from 11 November 308))<ref name = "Barnes Empire" />{{rp |4–6}}| predecessor =[[ماکسیمیان]] and [[دیوکلسین]]<ref name="Barnes, New Empire, p. 4"/>| successor =[[Maximinus II|Maximinus]], [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]], and [[لیسینیوس]]<ref name = "Barnes Empire" />{{rp |7}}| spouse =[[Galeria Valeria]]<ref name = "Barnes Empire" />{{rp |38}}| spouse 2 =| issue =Candidianus<br>[[Valeria Maximilla|Valeria Maximilla, Roman Empress]]| dynasty =| father =| mother =Romula (alleged)<ref name = "Barnes Empire" />{{rp |37–8}}| birth_date =c. 250 <ref>''Who’s who in the Roman world'': "Galerius (C.250-311)"</ref>| birth_place = [[صوفیه]]<ref>[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/eutropius/eutropius9.shtml#22 Eutropius. Breviarivm historiae romanae, IX, 22] {{ref-la}}</ref> ([[صوفیه]], [[بولغاریستان]])| death_date =Late April or early May 311 (aged around 61)<ref>Lactantius, ''DMP'' 35.4. The exact date is lost in a lacuna (Barnes 1982, 6).</ref>| death_place = [[صوفیه]] ([[صوفیه]]), [[بولغاریستان]]| place of burial = [[صوفیه]] or [[Felix Romuliana]] ([[Gamzigrad]])<ref name="Barnes, New Empire, p. 37"/>||title=[[Roman Emperor|Emperor]] of the [[بیزانس ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reg-type={{nowrap|Co-emperors}}|regent=[[کونستانتیوس کلوروس]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 305–306)}} <br> [[فلاویوس والریوس سوروس]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 306–307)}} <br> [[بیرینجی کونستانتین]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 306–311)}} <br> [[ماکسنتیوس]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 306–311)}} <br> [[لیسینیوس]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 308–311)}}}}
{{Infobox Roman emperor| name = قالریوس| full name = Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Barnes, ''New Empire'', p. 4.</ref>|regnal name=Imperator Caesar Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus| image = Romuliana Galerius head.jpg| caption = [[Porphyry (geology)|Porphyry]] bust of Galerius| succession= [[Roman Emperor|Emperor of the Roman Empire]]| reign =1 March or 21 May 293<ref>Barnes, ''Constantine and Eusebius'', pp. 8–9.</ref><ref name = "Barnes Empire">{{citation | last = Barnes | title = New Empire}}</ref>{{rp |4, 38}}<ref name = "Potter Empire">{{citation | last = Potter | title = The Roman Empire at Bay}}</ref>{{rp |288}}<ref name = "Southern Severus">{{citation | last = Southern | title = Severus to Constantine}}</ref>{{rp |146}}<ref name = "Williams Diocletian">{{citation | last = Williams | title = Diocletian}}</ref>{{rp |64–5}}<ref>The earlier dates for Galerius' appointment have been argued for based on the suggestion that the appointments of Constantius and Galerius were timed to coincide (Barnes 1981, 8–9; Southern 1999, 146). Barnes (1982, 62) argues against a dating of 21 May 293 in Nicomedia originating in Seston, ''Dioclétien'', 88ff., stating that the evidence adduced (the [[Chronicon Paschale|Paschal Chronicle]] 521 = ''Chronica Minora'' 1.229 and Lactantius, ''DMP'' 19.2) is invalid and confused. Lactantius is commenting on Diocletian and the place where Diocletian was acclaimed, and that the "Maximianus" in the text is therefore a later gloss; the Paschal Chronicle is not authoritative for this period for events outside Egypt, and may simply be commenting on the day when the laureled image of the new emperors arrived in Alexandria. Potter (2004, 650) agrees that locating the acclamation to Nicomedia is false, but believes that Seston's other evidence makes a strong case for a temporal lag between the two Caesars' acclamations.</ref>&nbsp;–&nbsp;1 May 305 (as [[Caesar (title)#Tetrarchy|Caesar]], under [[دیوکلسین]])<br />1 May 305&nbsp;–&nbsp;late April or early May 311 (as [[Augustus (honorific)#In the divided Roman Empire|Augustus]] alongside [[Constantius Chlorus|Constantius]] (until July 25, 306) then [[Flavius Valerius Severus|Severus]] (until spring 307) then [[Constantine I|Constantine]] (from ''ca''. September 307; unrecognized by Galerius' coinage from ''ca''. September 307 to November 308) then [[لیسینیوس]] (from 11 November 308))<ref name = "Barnes Empire" />{{rp |4–6}}| predecessor =[[ماکسیمیان]] and [[دیوکلسین]]| successor =[[Maximinus II|Maximinus]], [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]], and [[لیسینیوس]]<ref name = "Barnes Empire" />{{rp |7}}| spouse =[[Galeria Valeria]]<ref name = "Barnes Empire" />{{rp |38}}| spouse 2 =| issue =Candidianus<br>[[Valeria Maximilla|Valeria Maximilla, Roman Empress]]| dynasty =| father =| mother =Romula (alleged)<ref name = "Barnes Empire" />{{rp |37–8}}| birth_date =c. 250 <ref>''Who’s who in the Roman world'': "Galerius (C.250-311)"</ref>| birth_place = [[صوفیه]]<ref>[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/eutropius/eutropius9.shtml#22 Eutropius. Breviarivm historiae romanae, IX, 22] {{ref-la}}</ref> ([[صوفیه]], [[بولغاریستان]])| death_date =Late April or early May 311 (aged around 61)<ref>Lactantius, ''DMP'' 35.4. The exact date is lost in a lacuna (Barnes 1982, 6).</ref>| death_place = [[صوفیه]] ([[صوفیه]]), [[بولغاریستان]]| place of burial = [[صوفیه]] or [[Felix Romuliana]] ([[Gamzigrad]])||title=[[Roman Emperor|Emperor]] of the [[بیزانس ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reg-type={{nowrap|Co-emperors}}|regent=[[کونستانتیوس کلوروس]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 305–306)}} <br> [[فلاویوس والریوس سوروس]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 306–307)}} <br> [[بیرینجی کونستانتین]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 306–311)}} <br> [[ماکسنتیوس]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 306–311)}} <br> [[لیسینیوس]] {{small|([[غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]], 308–311)}}}}


'''قالریوس''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Galerius) روم ایمپیراتورو. ۱ مارس or 21 مئی ۲۹۳ ایل‌لر آراسیندا حؤکومت ائدیب. [[ماکسیمیان]] و [[دیوکلسین]] اؤلوموندن سوْنرا حؤکومتی اله کئچدیب.
'''قالریوس''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Galerius) روم ایمپیراتورو. ۱ مارس or 21 مئی ۲۹۳ ایل‌لر آراسیندا حؤکومت ائدیب. [[ماکسیمیان]] و [[دیوکلسین]] اؤلوموندن سوْنرا حؤکومتی اله کئچدیب.

‏۵ اوْکتوبر ۲۰۱۸، ساعت ۱۲:۱۳ نوسخه‌سی

قالریوس
Emperor of the بیزانس ایمپیراتورلوغو
Porphyry bust of Galerius
Emperor of the Roman Empire
شاه‌لیق1 March or 21 May 293[۱][۲]:۴, ۳۸[۳]:۲۸۸[۴]:۱۴۶[۵]:۶۴–۵[۶] – 1 May 305 (as Caesar, under دیوکلسین)
1 May 305 – late April or early May 311 (as Augustus alongside Constantius (until July 25, 306) then Severus (until spring 307) then Constantine (from ca. September 307; unrecognized by Galerius' coinage from ca. September 307 to November 308) then لیسینیوس (from 11 November 308))[۲]:۴–۶
قاباقکیماکسیمیان and دیوکلسین
سوْنراکیMaximinus, Constantine, and لیسینیوس[۲]:۷
Co-emperorsکونستانتیوس کلوروس (غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو, 305–306)
فلاویوس والریوس سوروس (غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو, 306–307)
بیرینجی کونستانتین (غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو, 306–311)
ماکسنتیوس (غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو, 306–311)
لیسینیوس (غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو, 308–311)
دوغومc. 250 [۷]
صوفیه[۸] (صوفیه, بولغاریستان)
اولومLate April or early May 311 (aged around 61)[۹]
صوفیه (صوفیه), بولغاریستان
دفنصوفیه or Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad)
حیات یولداشیGaleria Valeria[۲]:۳۸
اوشاقلارCandidianus
Valeria Maximilla, Roman Empress
کامیل آدی
Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Barnes, New Empire, p. 4.</ref>
Regnal name
Imperator Caesar Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus
آناRomula (alleged)[۲]:۳۷–۸

قالریوس (اینگیلیسی‌جه: Galerius) روم ایمپیراتورو. ۱ مارس or 21 مئی ۲۹۳ ایل‌لر آراسیندا حؤکومت ائدیب. ماکسیمیان و دیوکلسین اؤلوموندن سوْنرا حؤکومتی اله کئچدیب.

قایناقلار

  1. ^ Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, pp. 8–9.
  2. ^ ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ ۲٫۲ ۲٫۳ ۲٫۴ Barnes, New Empire
  3. ^ Potter, The Roman Empire at Bay
  4. ^ Southern, Severus to Constantine
  5. ^ Williams, Diocletian
  6. ^ The earlier dates for Galerius' appointment have been argued for based on the suggestion that the appointments of Constantius and Galerius were timed to coincide (Barnes 1981, 8–9; Southern 1999, 146). Barnes (1982, 62) argues against a dating of 21 May 293 in Nicomedia originating in Seston, Dioclétien, 88ff., stating that the evidence adduced (the Paschal Chronicle 521 = Chronica Minora 1.229 and Lactantius, DMP 19.2) is invalid and confused. Lactantius is commenting on Diocletian and the place where Diocletian was acclaimed, and that the "Maximianus" in the text is therefore a later gloss; the Paschal Chronicle is not authoritative for this period for events outside Egypt, and may simply be commenting on the day when the laureled image of the new emperors arrived in Alexandria. Potter (2004, 650) agrees that locating the acclamation to Nicomedia is false, but believes that Seston's other evidence makes a strong case for a temporal lag between the two Caesars' acclamations.
  7. ^ Who’s who in the Roman world: "Galerius (C.250-311)"
  8. ^ Eutropius. Breviarivm historiae romanae, IX, 22 شابلون:Ref-la
  9. ^ Lactantius, DMP 35.4. The exact date is lost in a lacuna (Barnes 1982, 6).
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