ایستونی

ایستونی جومهوریتی Eesti Vabariikcode: et is deprecated   (استون)
بایراق نیشان
میللی مارش:  "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm" (اینگیلیسجه: "My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy"code: en is deprecated )
یئری خریطه‌ده  ایستونی  (dark green) – in اوروپا  (green & grey) – in the اوروپا بیرلیگی  (green)  –  [Legend]
باشکند و بویوک شهری	تالین 59°25′N 24°45′E
رسمی‌دیل(لر)	استون دیلی
ائتنیک قروپلاری (2018)	68.7% استون‌لار 24.9% روسلار 1.8% اوکراینالی‌لار 0.9% بلاروس‌لار 0.6% فین‌‌لر 3.1% Others
دمونیم	استون‌لار
دؤولت	Unitary parliamentary جومهوریت
• President	Kersti Kaljulaid
• Prime Minister	Jüri Ratas
قانون اورقانی	Riigikogu
Independence
• Autonomy declared	12 April 1917
• Independence declared	24 February 1918
• Independence recognized	2 February 1920
• Soviet and German occupations	1940–1991
• Independence restored	20 August 1991
• Joined the اوروپا بیرلیگی	1 May 2004
اراضی
• جمعی	۴۵٬۲۲۷ km2 (۱۷٬۴۶۲ sq mi) (129thd)
• سو (%)	4.45%
جمعیت
• 2018 تخمینی	1,319,133 (151st)
• 2011 census	1,294,455
• سیخیلیق	۲۸/km2 (۷۲٫۵/sq mi) (194th)
جی‌دی‌پی (PPP)	2018 estimate
• جمعی	$44.196 billion
• آدام‌باشی	$33,553 (43rd)
جی‌دی‌پی (nominal)	2018 estimate
• جمعی	$29.527 billion
• آدام‌باشی	$22,417 (40th)
جینی (2016)	32.7 اورتا
اچ‌دی‌آی (2017)	0.871 چوخ یوخاری · 30th
پول واحیدی	یورو (€) (EUR)
چاغ بؤلگه‌سی	UTC+2 (EET)
• یای (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
سوروجولوک طرفی	right
تیلفون کودو	+372
ISO 3166 code	EE
اینترنت ال‌تی‌دی	.eee
According to the Constitution of Estonia, Estonian is the sole official language. In southern counties, Võro and Seto are spoken along with it. روس دیلی is spoken in parts of Ida-Virumaa and Tallinn. Including 5.4% Võros and 0.93% Setos. ۴۷٬۵۴۹ km2 (۱۸٬۳۵۹ sq mi) were defined according to the Treaty of Tartu in 1920 between Estonia and روسیه شوروی فدراتیو سوسیالیست جومهوریتی (then کومونیسم Bolshevik revolutionary government before 1923 organization of USSR). Today, the remaining ۲٬۳۲۳ km2 (۸۹۷ sq mi) are part of روسیه/روسیه. The ceded areas include most of the former Petseri County and areas behind the ناروا چایی including ایانقورود (Jaanilinn). پچوری remains under Russian administration. Also .eu, shared with other member states of the European Union.

ایستونی اوروپانین شرقینده یئرلشن بیر اؤلکه دیر

کیتابلار

• Jaak Kangilaski et al. (2005) Valge raamat (1940–1991), Justiitsministeerium, ISBN 9985-70-194-1.
• IEA (2013). Estonia 2013. Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries. ISBN 978-92-6419079-5. ISSN 2307-0897.

چوخ اوخو

• Giuseppe D'Amato Travel to the Baltic Hansa. The European Union and its enlargement to the East. Book in Italian. Viaggio nell'Hansa baltica. L'Unione europea e l'allargamento ad Est. Greco&Greco editori, Milano, 2004. ISBN 88-7980-355-7
• Hiden, John; Patrick Salmon (1991). The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-08246-3.
• Laar, Mart (1992). War in the Woods: Estonia's Struggle for Survival, 1944–1956. trans. Tiina Ets. Washington, D.C.: Compass Press. ISBN 0-929590-08-2. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
• Lieven, Anatol (1993). The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05552-8. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
• Raun, Toivo U. (1987). Estonia and the Estonians. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. ISBN 0-8179-8511-5.
• Smith, David J. (2001). Estonia: Independence and European Integration. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26728-5.
• Smith, Graham (ed.) (1994). The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-12060-5.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
• Taagepera, Rein (1993). Estonia: Return to Independence. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-1199-3. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
• Taylor, Neil (2004). Estonia (4th ed.). Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt. ISBN 1-84162-095-5.
• Williams, Nicola; Debra Herrmann; Cathryn Kemp (2003). Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (3rd ed.). London: Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74059-132-1.
• Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (Ed.) (2004). Estonia, identity and independence. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi. ISBN 90-420-0890-3. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)

خاریجی لینکلر

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on ایستونی

حوکومت

• The President of Estonia
• The Parliament of Estonia
• Estonian Government
• Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Statistical Office of Estonia
• Chief of State and Cabinet Members Archived 2019-02-20 at the Wayback Machine.

دولانماق

• Official gateway to Estonia
• E-Estonia Portal
• VisitEstonia Portal
• ایستونی travel guide from Wikivoyage

نقشه‌لر

• google.com map of Estonia
• ایستونی جوغرافیا داده‌لری اوپن‌استریت‌مپ ده

عومومی معلومات

• Encyclopedia Estonica
• Estonian Institute
• Estonia. عوموم دونیا فکتلر کیتابی. مرکزی کشفیات ایداره‌سی.
• BBC News – Estonia country profile
• Estonia at UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Estonia Curlie دا
• Wikimedia Atlas of Estonia