ایمپایر ایستئیت بیناسی

Empire State Building
Record height
Tallest in the world from 1931 to 1970
Preceded by	Chrysler Building
Surpassed by	World Trade Center (North Tower)
General information
Status	Completed
Type	Office building; observation decks
Architectural style	Art Deco
Location	350 Fifth Avenue منهتن, New York 10118
Construction started	۱۷ مارس ۱۹۳۰ (۱۹۳۰-03-۱۷)
Completed	۱۱ آوریل ۱۹۳۱ (۱۹۳۱-04-۱۱)
Opening	May ۱, ۱۹۳۱ (May ۱, ۱۹۳۱)
Cost	آمریکا دولاری40,948,900 ($NaN in 2020 dollarsشابلون:Inflation-fn)
Owner	Empire State Realty Trust
Height
Tip	۱٬۴۵۴ ft (۴۴۳٫۲ m)
Roof	۱٬۲۵۰ ft (۳۸۱٫۰ m)
Top floor	۱٬۲۲۴ ft (۳۷۳٫۱ m)
Observatory	80th, 86th, and 102nd (top) floors
Dimensions
Other dimensions	۴۲۴ ft (۱۲۹٫۲ m) east–west by ۱۸۷ ft (۵۷٫۰ m) north–south
Technical details
Floor count	102
Floor area	۲٬۲۴۸٬۳۵۵ sq ft (۲۰۸٬۸۷۹ m2)
Lifts/elevators	73
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Developer	Empire State Inc., including جان جی. راسکوب and ال اسمیت
Structural engineer	Homer Gage Balcom
Main contractor	Starrett Brothers and Eken
Empire State Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
NYC Landmark #2000, 2001
موختصات	40°44′54″N 73°59′08″W
NRHP ایستینادی #	82001192
NYCL #	2000, 2001
Significant dates
NRHP-ه علاوه اولدو	November 17, 1982
Designated NHL	June 24, 1986
Designated NYCL	May 19, 1981
References
I. ^ Empire State Building at Emporis

ایمپایر ایستئیت بیناسی (اینگیلیسجه: Empire State Building) — نیویورک‌ون منهتن آداسیندا یئرلشن ۱۰۲ طبقه‌لی بیر گؤی‌دلن'دیر.

قایناقلار

Sources

• Al-Kodmany, Kheir (2017). Understanding Tall Buildings: A Theory of Placemaking. Understanding Tall Buildings: A Theory of Placemaking. Taylor & Francis. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-1-317-60866-0.
• Bascomb, Neal (2004). Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the Making of a City. Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0-7679-1268-6.
• Berman, J.S.; Museum of the City of New York (2003). The Empire State Building. Portraits of America. Barnes and Noble Books. ISBN 978-0-7607-3889-4.
• Douglas, George H. (2004). Skyscrapers: A Social History of the Very Tall Building in America. McFarland. pp. 107–116. ISBN 978-0-7864-2030-8.
• Flowers, Benjamin (2001). Skyscraper: The Politics and Power of Building New York City in the Twentieth Century. EBL-Schweitzer. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-8122-0260-1.
• Fodor's Travel Publications (2010). Fodor's See It New York City, 4th Edition. Fodor's See It New York City. Fodor's Travel Publications. ISBN 978-1-4000-0498-0.
• Goldman, Jonathan (1980). The Empire State Building Book. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-24455-2.
• Guerrero, P.F.; Abramowitz, A.D.; Morrison, F. (2002). Telecommunications: Many Broadcasters Will Not Meet May 2002 Digital Television Dtv Deadline. Diane Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7567-2547-1.
• شابلون:Cite enc-nyc2
• Kayden, Jerold S.; The Municipal Art Society of New York (2000). Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-36257-9.
• Langmead, Donald (2009). Icons of American Architecture: From the Alamo to the World Trade Center. Greenwood icons. Greenwood. pp. 71–92. ISBN 978-0-313-34207-3.
• "Man's Mightiest Monument". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines: 920–924. December 1930.
• McCarthy, James Remington; Rutherford, John (1931). Peacock alley: the romance of the Waldorf–Astoria. Harper. hdl:2027/mdp.39015002634015.
• Morehouse, W. (1991). The Waldorf–Astoria: America's Gilded Dream. M. Evans. ISBN 978-0-87131-663-9.
• Rasenberger, Jim (2009). High Steel: The Daring Men Who Built the World's Greatest Skyline, 1881 to the Present. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-174675-8.
• Robins, Anthony W. (May 19, 1981). Empire State Building. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.
• Robins, Anthony W. (May 19, 1981). Empire State Building Interior. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.
• Taranath, B.S. (2016). Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings: Steel and Composite Construction. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-5090-9.
• Tauranac, John (2014). The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark. Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-19678-7.
• Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building. Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 978-1-59223-105-8.
• Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1-56898-044-7.
• Willis, Carol; Friedman, Donald (1998). Building the Empire State. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-73030-2.

Further reading

• Aaseng, Nathan (1998). Construction: Building the Impossible. The Oliver Press, Inc. pp. 38–39. ISBN 978-1-881508-59-5.
• Dupré, Judith (2013). Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings-Revised and Updated. New York: Hachette/Black Dog & Leventhal. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-1-57912-942-2.
• James, Theodore Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-012172-3.
• Kingwell, Mark (2006). Nearest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10622-0.
• Pacelle, Mitchell (2001). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-40394-4.
• شابلون:Cite New York 1930

ائشیک باغلانتیلار

• رسمی وب‌سایت
• Empire State Building on CTBUH Skyscraper Center
• Empire State Building under construction (1930–1931) Archived 2014-10-09 at the Wayback Machine. at the New York Public Library
• Empire State Building archive, circa 1930–1969 Archived 2023-01-17 at the Wayback Machine., Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University

رکوردلار
قاباقکی Chrysler Building	World's tallest structure 1931–1954	سونراکی KWTV Mast
	World's tallest freestanding structure on land 1931–1967	سونراکی Ostankino Tower
	گؤی‌دلن 1931–1970	سونراکی World Trade Center (1973–2001) (North Tower)
	Tallest building in the United States 1931–1970
	Tallest building in New York City 1931–1972
قاباقکی World Trade Center (1973–2001) (North Tower)	Tallest building in New York City 2001–2012	سونراکی One World Trade Center (current)