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کریپتون

ویکی‌پدیادان، آچیق بیلیک‌لیک‌دن
Krypton,  36Kr
General properties
Appearancecolorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in an electric field
Krypton in the periodic table
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
Ar

Kr

Xe
brominekryptonrubidium
Atomic number (Z)36
Group, periodgroup 18 (noble gases), period 4
Blockp-block
Electron configuration{{{electron configuration}}}
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 8
Physical properties
Melting point115.78 K ​(−157.37 °C, ​−251.27 °F)
Boiling point119.93 K ​(−153.415 °C, ​−244.147 °F)
Density at stp (0 °C and 101.325 kPa)3.749 g/L
when liquid, at b.p.2.413 g/cm3[۱]
Triple point115.775 K, ​73.53 kPa[۲][۳]
Critical point209.48 K, 5.525 MPa[۳]
Heat of fusion1.64 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization9.08 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity20.95[۴] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 59 65 74 84 99 120
Atomic properties
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.00
Ionization energies1st: 1350.8 kJ/mol
2nd: 2350.4 kJ/mol
3rd: 3565 kJ/mol
Covalent radius116±4 pm
Van der Waals radius202 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for krypton
Speed of sound(gas, 23 °C) 220 m·s−1
(liquid) 1120 m/s
Thermal conductivity9.43×10−3  W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[۵]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)−28.8·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۶]
CAS Number7439-90-9
تاریخی
Discovery and first isolationویلیام رمزی and موریس تراورز (1898)
Main isotopes of krypton
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life Decay mode Pro­duct
78Kr 0.36% 9.2×1021 y[۷] εε 78Se

شابلون:Infobox element/isotopes decay3

80Kr 2.29% is stable
81Kr trace 2.3×105 y ε 81Br
γ
82Kr 11.59% is stable
83Kr 11.50% is stable
84Kr 56.99% is stable
85Kr syn 11 y بتا پوزولوشو 85Rb
86Kr 17.28% is stable
| references | in Wikidata


کریپتون کیماسال ماده دیر سیمگه سی Kr اتوم سایی‌سی 36 اتوم کوتله سی 83.80 آلتی قالارلی ایزوتوپو و نئچه قاچگین ایزوتوپو وار. مندلیف جدولینده دؤردونجو نجیب قازدیر.سیخلیغی 1.18 هاوا سیخلیغیندان چوخدور و قؤخسوز و بؤیاقسیز دیر. کریپتون کریپ سؤزوندن و گیزلی معناسیندا دیر چون چوخ مدت اینکیشاف اولمادی.سممی دئیل و یانماز.الکتریکی بؤشالمادا آچیق بنوشه کیمی ایشیغی اولار.

Sir William Ramsay, the discoverer of krypton

قایناق

[دَییشدیر]
  1. ^ Krypton. encyclopedia.airliquide.com
  2. ^ "Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2005.
  3. ^ ۳٫۰ ۳٫۱ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.121. ISBN 1439855110.
  4. ^ Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
  5. ^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  6. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  7. ^ Patrignani, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2016). "Review of Particle Physics". Chinese Physics C. 40 (10): 100001. Bibcode:2016ChPhC..40j0001P. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001. See p. 768