1 The تورکمن living in تورکمنیستان, افغانیستان and ایران are not to be confused with the Turkmen/Turkoman minorities in the Levant (i.e. عراق and سوریه) as the latter minorities mostly adhere to a Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. 2 This list only includes traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. Turks still living in the former عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو territories).
