آمونیاک

آمونیاک
Names
	IUPAC name Azane
	Other names Hydrogen nitride; Trihydrogen nitride; Nitrogen trihydride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7664-41-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
3DMet	B00004
Beilstein Reference	3587154
ChEBI	CHEBI:16134 ;
ChemSpider	217 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.760
EC Number	231-635-3
Gmelin Reference	79
KEGG	D02916 ;
MeSH	Ammonia
PubChem CID	222;
RTECS number	BO0875000
UNII	5138Q19F1X ;
UN number	1005
	InChI InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/H3N/h1H3 Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYAF ;
	SMILES N ;
Properties
Chemical formula	NH3
Molar mass	17.031 g/mol
Appearance	Colourless gas
Odor	strong pungent odour
Density	0.86 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at boiling point); 0.769 kg/m3 (STP); 0.73 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at 15 °C); 681.9 kg/m3 at −33.3 °C (liquid) See also Ammonia (data page); 817 kg/m3 at −80 °C (transparent solid)
Melting point	−۷۷٫۷۳ درجه سلسیوس (−۱۰۷٫۹۱ درجه فارنهایت; ۱۹۵٫۴۲ کلوین) (Triple point at 6.060 kPa, 195.4 K)
Boiling point	−۳۳٫۳۴ درجه سلسیوس (−۲۸٫۰۱ درجه فارنهایت; ۲۳۹٫۸۱ کلوین)
Solubility in water	47% w/w (0 °C); 31% w/w (25 °C); 18% w/w (50 °C)
Solubility	soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanol
Vapor pressure	857.3 kPa
Acidity (pKa)	32.5 (−33 °C), 10.5 (DMSO)
Basicity (pKb)	4.75
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-18.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.3327
Viscosity	0.276 cP (−40 °C)
Structure
Point group	C3v
Molecular shape	Trigonal pyramid
Dipole moment	1.42 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (So298)	193 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfHo298)	−46 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet	ICSC 0414 (anhydrous)
GHS pictograms
GHS hazard statements	H221, H280, H314, H331, H400
GHS precautionary statements	P210, P261, P273, P280, P305+351+338, P310
NFPA 704	1 2 0
Flash point	flammable gas
Autoignition; temperature	۶۵۱ درجه سلسیوس (۱٬۲۰۴ درجه فارنهایت; ۹۲۴ کلوین)
Explosive limits	15–28%
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	0.015 mL/kg (human, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)	40,300 ppm (rat, 10 min); 28595 ppm (rat, 20 min); 20300 ppm (rat, 40 min); 11590 ppm (rat, 1 hr); 7338 ppm (rat, 1 hr); 4837 ppm (mouse, 1 hr); 9859 ppm (rabbit, 1 hr); 9859 ppm (cat, 1 hr); 2000 ppm (rat, 4 hr); 4230 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
LCLo (lowest published)	5000 ppm (mammal, 5 min); 5000 ppm (human, 5 min)
	US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	50 ppm (25 ppm ACGIH- TLV; 35 ppm STEL)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) ST 35 ppm (27 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	300 ppm
Related compounds
Other cations	Phosphine; Arsine; Stibine
Related nitrogen hydrides	Hydrazine; Hydrazoic acid
Related compounds	Ammonium hydroxide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (نه‌دیر ?)
	Infobox references

آمونیاک (اینگیلیس دیلی: Ammonia) فرمولو NH3 نیتروژن و هیدروژن مولکولودور.

قایناق

↑ Gases – Densities. یوْخلانیلیب3 March 2016.
↑ Yost, Don M. (2007). "Ammonia and Liquid Ammonia Solutions", Systematic Inorganic Chemistry. READ BOOKS, 132. ISBN 1-4067-7302-6.
↑ Blum, Alexander (1975). «On crystalline character of transparent solid ammonia». Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 24 (4). DOI:10.1080/00337577508240819.
↑ (1996) The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th, Merck. ISBN 0-911910-12-3.
↑ Perrin, D. D., Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution; 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1982.
↑ ^۶٫۰ ^۶٫۱ Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, A22. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.
↑ ^۷٫۰ ^۷٫۱ ^۷٫۲ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ammonia. Retrieved on 20 July 2013.
↑ ^۸٫۰ ^۸٫۱ Ammonia. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
↑ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0028. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[1] Gases – Densities. یوْخلانیلیب3 March 2016.

[2] Yost, Don M. (2007). "Ammonia and Liquid Ammonia Solutions", Systematic Inorganic Chemistry. READ BOOKS, 132. ISBN 1-4067-7302-6.

[3] Blum, Alexander (1975). «On crystalline character of transparent solid ammonia». Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 24 (4). DOI:10.1080/00337577508240819.

[4] (1996) The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th, Merck. ISBN 0-911910-12-3.

[5] Perrin, D. D., Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution; 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1982.

[b1-6] ۶٫۰ ^۶٫۱ Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, A22. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.

[sigma-7] ۷٫۰ ^۷٫۱ ^۷٫۲ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ammonia. Retrieved on 20 July 2013.

[IDLH-8] ۸٫۰ ^۸٫۱ Ammonia. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[NIOSH-9] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0028. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

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