میلی بیرلیک
National Rally Rassemblement National | |
|---|---|
 | |
| قیسا آدی | RN |
| باشقان | Jordan Bardella (acting) |
| Vice-presidents | |
| قوروجو | Jean-Marie Le Pen[۱] |
| قورولوش | ۵ اوْکتوبر ۱۹۷۲ |
| مرکزی | 76–78 Rue des Suisses, 92000 Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine |
| جوانلار قانادی | Génération Nation |
| Security wing | Department for Protection and Security |
| عۆضو اوْلانلار (2022) |  83,000[۲] |
| ایدئولوژی | |
| سیاسی مؤوقع | Far-right[۱۶]a[›] |
| میللی باغلانتی | Rassemblement bleu Marine (2012–2017) |
| آوروپا باغلانتیسی | Identity and Democracy Party |
| آوروپا مجلیسی گوروپو | Identity and Democracy[nb ۱] |
| رنگ(لر) | Navy blue[nb ۲] |
| National Assembly | ۸۹ / ۵۷۷ |
| Senate | ۰ / ۳۴۸ |
| European Parliament | ۱۹ / ۷۹ |
| Presidencies of Regional Councils | ۰ / ۱۷ |
| Regional Councillors | ۲۵۲ / ۱٬۷۵۸ |
| Presidencies of Departmental Councils | ۰ / ۱۰۱ |
| Departmental Councillors | ۲۶ / ۴٬۱۰۸ |
| وئبسایت | |
| rassemblementnational | |
^ a: The RN is considered part of the radical right, a subset of the far-right that does not oppose democracy.[۱۸][۱۹][۲۰] | |
میلی بیرلیک (فرانسیزجا: Rassemblement national)فرانسه نین میلیت چی حیزبیدیر. ۱۹۷۲ ده ۵ اوکتوبر دا ژان ماری لوپن بو حیزبین قوروجوسو اولدو. حیزبین ایلک آدی (Front national pour l'unité française) فرانسه بیرلیک اوچون میلیت چی جبهه سی ایدی . ایندی باشچیسی ژان ماری لوپنین قیزی مارین لوپن دیر . بو حیزب ایندیلیک فرانسه نین اوچونجو حیزبیدیر.
قایناقلار
[دَییشدیر]- ↑ "Vive la difference – has France's Front National changed?". BBC News. 5 December 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35003920. میلی بیرلیک
- ↑ RN - Rassemblement National (12 April 2022). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخهدن on 2022-04-13. یوْخلانیلیب2022-09-13.
- 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). France.
- ↑ Jens Rydgren (2008). "France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism". Twenty-First Century Populism. Link.springer.com. pp. 166–180. doi:10.1057/9780230592100_11. ISBN 978-1-349-28476-4.
- 1 2 'The nation state is back': Front National's Marine Le Pen rides on global mood Archived 28 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.. The Guardian. Author – Angelique Chrisafis. Published 18 September 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
- ↑ Jean-Yves Camus. Lefigaro.fr (13 April 2015).
- ↑ Macron-Le Pen face-off: EU supporter vs. economic nationalist (23 April 2017). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخهدن on 2021-07-10. یوْخلانیلیب2022-09-13.
- ↑ Economic Voting and the national Front: Towards a Subregional Understanding of the Extreme-Right. Politics.as.nyu.edu. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخهدن on 2015-09-24. یوْخلانیلیب2022-09-13.
- ↑ Marine Le Pen, entre souverainisme et identitarisme. Enquete&Debat (23 September 2014). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخهدن on 2016-03-07. یوْخلانیلیب2022-09-13.
- ↑ John Lichfield (26 May 2014). "European elections 2014: Marine Le Pen's Front National victory in France is based on anguish, rage and denial". The Independent. London. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/european-elections-2014-marine-le-pens-national-front-victoryin-france-is-based-onanguish-rage-and-denial-9436394.html. میلی بیرلیک
- ↑ What does France's National Front stand for? Archived 20 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine. France 24. Published 28 May 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu "protectionniste au sens large". Liberation (21 April 2014).
- ↑ Taylor, Adam (8 January 2015). "French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack". https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/01/08/french-far-right-leader-seeks-to-reintroduce-death-penalty-after-charlie-hebdo-attack/. میلی بیرلیک
- ↑ Immigration | Stopper l'immigration, renforcer l'identité française. Front National. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخهدن on 2013-08-07. یوْخلانیلیب2022-09-13.
- ↑ European far right hails Brexit vote Archived 6 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine.. The Guardian. Author – Angelique Chrisafis. Published 24 June 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
- ↑ Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to National Rally as far-right:
Academic:
- Azéma, Jean-Pierre; Winock, Michel (1994). Histoire de l'extrême droite en France. Éditions du Seuil. ISBN 9782020232005.
- Camus & Lebourg 2017
- DeClair 1999
- Hobolt, Sara; De Vries, Catherine (16 June 2020). Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691194752.
- Joly, Bertrand (2008). Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902. Les Indes Savantes.
- Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony (1995). The radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp. 91–120. ISBN 0472106635.
- McGann, Anthony; Kitschelt, Herbert (1997). The Radical Right in Western Europe A Comparative Analysis. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472084418.
- Mayer, Nonna (January 2013). "From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right". Parliamentary Affairs. 66 (1): 160–178. doi:10.1093/pa/gss071.
- Messina, Anthony (2015). "The political and policy impacts of extreme right parties in time and context". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 38 (8): 1355–1361. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1016071. S2CID 143522149.
- Mondon, Aurelien (2015). "The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony". Patterns of Prejudice. '49 (4): 392–413. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1069063. S2CID 146600042.
- Mudde, Cas (25 October 2019). The Far Right Today and The ideology of the extreme right. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1509536856.
- Rydgren, Jens (2008). France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781349284764.
- Shields 2007
- Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0813389790.
- Williams, Michelle Hale (January 2011). "A new era for French far right politics? Comparing the FN under two Le Pens and The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies". Análise Social. 201 (1): 679–695.
- "Victory for France's conservatives in local elections". AP, AFP, Reuters. Deutsche Welle. 30 March 2015. http://www.dw.com/en/victory-for-frances-conservatives-in-local-elections/a-18348677. میلی بیرلیک
- Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011). "New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy". France 24. http://www.france24.com/en/20110421-marine-le-pen-france-opinion-poll-presidential-election-sarkozy-strauss-kahn. میلی بیرلیک
- Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014). "France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender". France24. http://www.france24.com/en/20141123-france-far-right-turns-russian-lender-national-front-marine-le-pen/.
- Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016). "E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms". https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/17/world/europe/european-union-france-frexit-marine-le-pen.html. میلی بیرلیک
- Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011). "Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll". France 24. http://www.france24.com/en/20110307-new-poll-far-right-marine-le-pen-presidential-frontrunner. میلی بیرلیک
- Lichfield, John (1 March 2015). "Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections". The Independent. London. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/rise-of-the-french-far-right-front-national-party-could-make-sweeping-gains-at-this-months-local-elections-10078824.html. میلی بیرلیک
- Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015). "Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party". https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-family-drama-splits-far-right-in-france-1440029252. میلی بیرلیک
- Polakow-Suransky, Sasha. "The ruthlessly effective rebranding of Europe's new far right". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/01/the-ruthlessly-effective-rebranding-of-europes-new-far-right. میلی بیرلیک
- Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010). "Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo". France 24. http://www.france24.com/en/20100813-japan-europe-far-right-gathering-tokyo-yasukuni-shrine-le-pen-ww2. میلی بیرلیک
- Van, Sonia (29 July 2011). "France – A Guide to Europe's Right-Wing Parties and Extremist Groups". Time. 27 February 2016-ده اوْریجینالدان آرشیولشدیریلیب. 23 February 2016-ده یوخلانیب.
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- ↑ Garnier, Christophe-Cécil (7 December 2015). Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales? (fr). Slate.
- ↑ Ivaldi, Gilles (18 May 2016). "A new course for the French radical right? The Front National and "de-demonisation"". In Akkerman, Tjitske; de Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs (eds.). Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream?. Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-317-41978-5. 26 September 2021-ده اوْریجینالدان آرشیولشدیریلیب. 6 July 2021-ده یوخلانیب.
{{cite book}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=وقت مؤهورونون اۇیغونسوزلوغو (کؤمک) - ↑ Forchtner, Bernhard (September 2019). "Climate change and the far right". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. 10 (5): e604. doi:10.1002/wcc.604. S2CID 202196807.
- ↑ Forchtner, Bernhard (2020). The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-10402-9. 27 September 2021-ده اوْریجینالدان آرشیولشدیریلیب. 6 July 2021-ده یوخلانیب.
{{cite book}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=وقت مؤهورونون اۇیغونسوزلوغو (کؤمک)
ائشیک باغلانتیلار
[دَییشدیر] |
ویکیآمباردا Rassemblement national ایله مربوط فایل وار. |
- رسمی وبسایت
(دیل:فرانسه) - FNinfos, the official website of National Front activists Archived 2017-05-07 at the Wayback Machine.
- Nations Presse Info, an information Website near the National Front
- Has Marine Le Pen made France's Front National respectable? RFI English
- Marine Le Pen's Protectionist Economics and Social Conservatism
شابلون:Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom شابلون:French political parties شابلون:National Front شابلون:French far right
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
- ↑ The party was formerly part of the European Right (1984–1989), the European Right (1989–1994), the Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001) and Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007).
- ↑ Other customary colours[۱۷] include the following:
Black Grey Brown Red
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