موقادیشو دؤیوشو (۱۹۹۳)

Battle of Mogadishu
	Operation Gothic Serpent and the سومالی ایچ ساواشی نین بیر پارچاسی
	; CW3 Michael Durant's helicopter Super Six-Four above Mogadishu on 3 October 1993.
تاریخ	3–4 October 1993; (۱ گون)
یئر	Mogadishu, Somalia
نتیجه	Pyrrhic tactical U.S./U.N. victory;; Strategic SNA victory U.S. withdraws 25 March 1994; U.N. withdraws 28 March 1995;
طرفلر
UNOSOM II United States; مالزی; پاکیستان;	Somali National Alliance (SNA);
باشچیلار
MG William F. Garrison; Col William Boykin; LtCol Gary L. Harrell; LtCol Thomas E. Matthews; LtCol Danny R. McKnight	Mohamed Farrah Aidid
گۆجلر
Initially: 120 men ; 12 vehicles (9 Humvees, 3 M939 trucks) ; 19 aircraft (16 helicopters – 8 Black Hawks and 8 Little Birds) + ~ 3000 as a rescue force	2,000–4,000 militiamen and volunteer fighters
تلفات
U.S.; 18 killed, 73 wounded, 1 captured; 2 UH-60 Black Hawks shot down; Malaysia; 1 killed, 7 wounded; Pakistan; 1 killed, 2 wounded	SNA Militia and civilians; 200–315 killed (per ICRC); 300–500 killed (per U.N.); 315 killed (133 militiamen), 812 wounded (per SNA); 350 killed, 500 wounded (per U.S.); 500 killed (per neutral Somalis)
	*Note: Task Force Ranger achieved the mission objectives of capturing specific Aidid lieutenants, but the political fallout from the resultant battle and consequent eventual U.S. withdrawal from Somalia could classify this as a Pyrrhic victory.

Battle of Mogadishu
	Operation Gothic Serpent and the سومالی ایچ ساواشی نین بیر پارچاسی
	; CW3 Michael Durant's helicopter Super Six-Four above Mogadishu on 3 October 1993.
تاریخ	3–4 October 1993; (۱ گون)
یئر	Mogadishu, Somalia
نتیجه	Pyrrhic tactical U.S./U.N. victory; U.S. withdraws 25 March 1994; U.N. withdraws 28 March 1995;
طرفلر
UNOSOM II United States; مالزی; پاکیستان;	Somali National Alliance (SNA); Al-Qaeda
باشچیلار
MG William F. Garrison; Col William Boykin; LtCol Gary L. Harrell; LtCol Thomas E. Matthews; LtCol Danny R. McKnight	Mohamed Farrah Aidid
گۆجلر
Initially: 120 men ; 12 vehicles (9 Humvees, 3 M939 trucks) ; 19 aircraft (16 helicopters – 8 Black Hawks and 8 Little Birds) + ~ 3000 as a rescue force	2,000–4,000 militiamen and volunteer fighters
تلفات
U.S.; 19 killed, 73 wounded, 1 captured; 2 UH-60 Black Hawks shot down; Malaysia; 1 killed, 7 wounded; Pakistan; 1 killed, 2 wounded	SNA Militia and civilians; 200–315 killed (per ICRC); 300–500 killed (per U.N.); 315 killed (133 militiamen), 812 wounded (per SNA); 350 killed, 500 wounded (per U.S.); 500 killed (per neutral Somalis)
	*Note: Task Force Ranger achieved the mission objectives of capturing specific Aidid lieutenants, but the political fallout from the resultant battle and consequent eventual U.S. withdrawal from Somalia could classify this as a Pyrrhic victory.

Battle of Mogadishu

Operation Gothic Serpent and the سومالی ایچ ساواشی نین بیر پارچاسی

CW3 Michael Durant's helicopter Super Six-Four above Mogadishu on 3 October 1993.

تاریخ 3–4 October 1993
(۱ گون)
یئر Mogadishu, Somalia
نتیجه Pyrrhic tactical U.S./U.N. victory;^[۹]^[۱۰]^[۱۱]
Strategic SNA victory
U.S. withdraws 25 March 1994

U.N. withdraws 28 March 1995

طرفلر
UNOSOM II
United States

مالزی

پاکیستان
Somali National Alliance (SNA)

باشچیلار
MG William F. Garrison

Col William Boykin
LtCol Gary L. Harrell
LtCol Thomas E. Matthews
LtCol Danny R. McKnight
Mohamed Farrah Aidid
گۆجلر
Initially: 120 men
12 vehicles (9 Humvees, 3 M939 trucks)
19 aircraft (16 helicopters – 8 Black Hawks and 8 Little Birds)
+ ~ 3000 as a rescue force
2,000–4,000 militiamen and volunteer fighters
تلفات
U.S.
18 killed, 73 wounded, 1 captured
2 UH-60 Black Hawks shot down^[۲]^[۳]
Malaysia
1 killed, 7 wounded
Pakistan
1 killed, 2 wounded SNA Militia and civilians
200–315 killed (per ICRC)^[۴]^[۵]
300–500 killed (per U.N.)^[۶]
315 killed (133 militiamen), 812 wounded (per SNA)^[۵]^[۷]
350 killed, 500 wounded (per U.S.)^[۶]
500 killed (per neutral Somalis)^[۶]
*Note: Task Force Ranger achieved the mission objectives of capturing specific Aidid lieutenants, but the political fallout from the resultant battle and consequent eventual U.S. withdrawal from Somalia could classify this as a Pyrrhic victory.^[۸]
گؤرونتولر[دَییشدیر]

^ "Shabaab leader recounts al Qaeda's role in Somalia in the 1990s". Long War Journal. 2011-12-30. 2014-07-01-ده یوخلانیب.

^ ^۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ Mark Bowden (16 November 1997). "Blackhawk Down". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 2007-07-01-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 25 August 2013-ده یوخلانیب. قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ نام «inquirer.philly.com» چندین بار با محتوای متفاوت تعریف شده‌است

^ ^۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام ReferenceA وارد نشده‌است

^ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ "Anatomy of a Disaster". Time. 18 اوْکتوبر 1993. 18 ژانویه 2008-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 19 ژانویه 2008-ده یوخلانیب. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

^ ^۵٫۰ ^۵٫۱ ^۵٫۲ ^۵٫۳ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام hrw.org وارد نشده‌است

^ ^۶٫۰ ^۶٫۱ ^۶٫۲ ^۶٫۳ ^۶٫۴ ^۶٫۵ Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down: A defining battle". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1 July 2007-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 25 June 2007-ده یوخلانیب. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

^ ^۷٫۰ ^۷٫۱ "Interviews – Captain Haad | Ambush in Mogadishu | FRONTLINE". PBS. 3 October 1993. 25 August 2013-ده یوخلانیب.

^ ^۸٫۰ ^۸٫۱ Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 23 September 2006-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 25 October 2006-ده یوخلانیب. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

^ Cassidy (Ph.D.), Robert M. (2004). Peacekeeping in the Abyss: British and American Peacekeeping Doctrine and Practice After the Cold War. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-275-97696-5.

^ Karcher, Timothy, Understanding the "Victory Disease," From the Little Bighorn to Mogadishu and Beyond (Global War on Terrorism, Occasional Paper 3), Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, p. 34, The Battle of the Black Sea was a tactical victory for TF Ranger, but a Pyrrhic one at best. It had gone into Aideed's stronghold, captured two of his top lieutenants and numerous other subordinate clan leaders, and then withdrew with relatively light casualties considering the odds it faced. The Somalis, though, had suffered greatly as a result of the battle, with US military firepower inflicting an estimated 1,000 casualties, with at least 500 dead. Whether it may have been a victory at the tactical level, this battle signaled a failure at the strategic level of war.

^ Bowden, Mark (1 April 2010). Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War. Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-55584-604-6.

[lwj31dec14-1] "Shabaab leader recounts al Qaeda's role in Somalia in the 1990s". Long War Journal. 2011-12-30. 2014-07-01-ده یوخلانیب.

[inquirer.philly.com-2] ۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ Mark Bowden (16 November 1997). "Blackhawk Down". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 2007-07-01-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 25 August 2013-ده یوخلانیب. قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ نام «inquirer.philly.com» چندین بار با محتوای متفاوت تعریف شده‌است

[ReferenceA-3] ۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام ReferenceA وارد نشده‌است

[red_cross-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ "Anatomy of a Disaster". Time. 18 اوْکتوبر 1993. 18 ژانویه 2008-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 19 ژانویه 2008-ده یوخلانیب. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[hrw.org-5] ۵٫۰ ^۵٫۱ ^۵٫۲ ^۵٫۳ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام hrw.org وارد نشده‌است

[bowden1-6] ۶٫۰ ^۶٫۱ ^۶٫۲ ^۶٫۳ ^۶٫۴ ^۶٫۵ Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down: A defining battle". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1 July 2007-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 25 June 2007-ده یوخلانیب. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[autogenerated1-7] ۷٫۰ ^۷٫۱ "Interviews – Captain Haad | Ambush in Mogadishu | FRONTLINE". PBS. 3 October 1993. 25 August 2013-ده یوخلانیب.

[bowden2-8] ۸٫۰ ^۸٫۱ Bowden, Mark (16 November 1997). "Black Hawk Down". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 23 September 2006-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 25 October 2006-ده یوخلانیب. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[9] Cassidy (Ph.D.), Robert M. (2004). Peacekeeping in the Abyss: British and American Peacekeeping Doctrine and Practice After the Cold War. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-275-97696-5.

[10] Karcher, Timothy, Understanding the "Victory Disease," From the Little Bighorn to Mogadishu and Beyond (Global War on Terrorism, Occasional Paper 3), Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, p. 34, The Battle of the Black Sea was a tactical victory for TF Ranger, but a Pyrrhic one at best. It had gone into Aideed's stronghold, captured two of his top lieutenants and numerous other subordinate clan leaders, and then withdrew with relatively light casualties considering the odds it faced. The Somalis, though, had suffered greatly as a result of the battle, with US military firepower inflicting an estimated 1,000 casualties, with at least 500 dead. Whether it may have been a victory at the tactical level, this battle signaled a failure at the strategic level of war.

[11] Bowden, Mark (1 April 2010). Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War. Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-55584-604-6.

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