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کوزووو ساواشی

ویکی‌پدیادان، آچیق بیلیک‌لیک‌دن

{{Infobox military conflict |conflict = Kosovo War |partof = the یوقوسلاو ساواشلاری |image = Kosovo War header.jpg |image_size = 300px |caption = Clockwise from top-left: Yugoslav general staff headquarters damaged by ناتو air strikes; a Yugo buried under rubble caused by NATO air strikes; memorial to local KLA commanders; a USAF F-15E taking off from Aviano Air Base |date = February 1998 – 11 June 1999
|place = کوزووو (then part of FR Yugoslavia)

|territory = No legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the Resolution 1244, but effective political and economic separation of کوزووو from FR Yugoslavia under United Nations administration |result = Kumanovo Treaty

Kosovo War
بیر پارچاسی:the یوقوسلاو ساواشلاری[۲]

Clockwise from top-left: Yugoslav general staff headquarters damaged by ناتو air strikes; a Yugo buried under rubble caused by NATO air strikes; memorial to local KLA commanders; a USAF F-15E taking off from Aviano Air Base
تاریخFebruary 1998 – 11 June 1999
یئر
کوزووو (then part of FR Yugoslavia)
نتیجه

Kumanovo Treaty

اراضی
دییشیکلیکلری		 No legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the Resolution 1244, but effective political and economic separation of کوزووو from FR Yugoslavia under United Nations administration
دویوشچولر

Kosovo Liberation Army KLA
 آلبانی

 صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو Yugoslavia
باشچیلار و لیدرلر

Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army Adem Jashari ⚔
Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army Hashim Thaçi
Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army Bilall Syla
Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army Hamëz Jashari ⚔
Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army Sylejman Selimi
Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army Ramush Haradinaj
Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army Agim Çeku

ناتو Wesley Clark

آلبانی Kudusi Lama [۱۲]

صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو Slobodan Milošević
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو Dragoljub Ojdanić
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو Nebojša Pavković
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو Vlastimir Đorđević[۱۳]

صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو Vladimir Lazarević[۱۴]
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو Sreten Lukić
گوج

Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army 17,000 – 20,000 KLA insurgents[۱۵]

ناتو cca. 80 aircraft
(Operation Eagle Eye)[۱۶]
ناتو 1,031 aircraft
(Operation Allied Force)[۱۷]
ناتو 30+ warships and submarines[۱۸]

صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 85,000 soldiers[۱۹] (including 40,000 in and around Kosovo)[۱۸]
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 20,000 policemen
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 100 SAM sites[۱۸]
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 1,400 artillery pieces
(Both ground & air defence)[۱۸]
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 240 aircraft [۱۸]
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 2,032 armoured vehicles & tanks[۱۸]

روسیه Russian volunteers, unknown number [۲۰][۲۱]
تلفاتلار و ایتکیلر

Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army 1,500 insurgents killed (per the KLA)[۲۲]
Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army 2,057 insurgents killed (per the HLC)[۲۳]

بیرلشمیش ایالتلر 2 killed (non-combat) and 3 captured[۲۴][۲۵]
بیرلشمیش ایالتلر 2 aircraft shot down and 3 damaged[۲۶][۲۷][۲۸][۲۹]
بیرلشمیش ایالتلر Two AH-64 Apaches and an AV-8B Harrier crashed (non-combat)[۳۰]
ناتو 47 UAVs shot down[۳۱]

فرانسه Possible unknown number of DGSE officers killed[۳۲]

Caused by KLA:
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 300+ soldiers killed (per the Yugoslav Army)[۳۳]
Caused by ناتو:
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 1,008–1,200 killed[b]
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 14 tanks,[۳۸] 18 APCs, 20 artillery pieces[۳۹] and 121 aircraft and helicopters destroyed[۴۰]

Caused by KLA and NATO:
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 1,035 killed (per the HLC)[۲۳]

آلبانی 8,661 Kosovar Albanian civilians killed or missing[۴۱]
آلبانی 90% of Kosovar Albanians displaced during the war[۴۲] (848,000–863,000 expelled from Kosovo,[۴۳][۴۴][۴۵] 590,000 Kosovar Albanians displaced within Kosovo)[۴۲]
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 1,730[۲۳][۴۶]–3,500[۴۷][۴۸] Serb and other non-Albanian civilians killed or missing
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو 230,000 Kosovo Serbs, Romani and other non-Albanian civilians displaced[۴۹]
صربیستان و مونته‌نقرو/آلبانی Civilian deaths caused by ناتو bombing; 489–528 (per Human Rights Watch) or 1,200–5,700 (per Yugoslavia);[۵۰] also includes چین 3 Chinese journalists killed

13,548 civilians and fighters dead overall (Albanians, Serbs, Bosniaks, Roma)[۵۱]

گؤرونتولر

[دَییشدیر]

  1. ↑ قایناق خطاسی پارامتر نامعتبر «combatant1» در در برچسب <ref>. پارامترهای پشتیبانی‌شده: dir, follow, group, name.
  2. ↑ Thomas (2006), p. 47
  3. ↑ Daniszewski, John (1999-04-14). "Yugoslav Troops Said to Cross Into Albania". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1999/apr/14/news/mn-27375. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  4. ↑ Daly, Emma (1999-04-14). "War In The Balkans: Serbs enter Albania and burn village". The Independent. London. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/war-in-the-balkans-serbs-enter-albania-and-burn-village-1087030.html. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  5. ↑ Reitman, Valerie; Richter, Paul; Dahlburg, John-Thor (1999-06-10). "Yugoslav, NATO Generals Sign Peace Agreement for Kosovo / Alliance will end air campaign when Serbian troops pull out". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2012-09-10. https://archive.today/20120910174050/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/06/10/MN82284.DTL. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  6. ↑ Abuses against Serbs and Roma in the new Kosovo. Human Rights Watch (August 1999).
  7. ↑ After Yugoslavia: Identities and Politics Within the Successor States (2012).
  8. ↑ Kosovo Crisis Update. UNHCR (August 4, 1999).
  9. ↑ Forced Expulsion of Kosovo Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians from OSCE Participated state to Kosovo. OSCE (October 6, 2006).
  10. ↑ Siobhán Wills (26 February 2009). Protecting Civilians: The Obligations of Peacekeepers. Oxford University Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-19-953387-9. 24 February 2013-ده یوخلانیب.
  11. ↑ The Balkans/Allied Force: Statistics. planken.org. یوْخلانیلیب2012-02-28.
  12. ↑ Katamaj, Halil (2002), Kudusi Lama, War General of division of Kukes, during the Kosovo war, Tiranë: Mokra, ISBN 99927-781-0-5[صفحه‌سیز]
  13. ↑ "BBC News – Serbian Vlastimir Djordjevic jailed over Kosovo murders". BBC News. 2011-02-24. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12563330. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  14. ↑ Serbia charges police officers with 1999 Kosovo murders. SETimes.com (2006-04-28). یوْخلانیلیب2012-05-06.
  15. ↑ John Pike. Kosovo Liberation Army [KLA / UCK]. Globalsecurity.org. یوْخلانیلیب2012-05-06.
  16. ↑ 12 mal bewertet (24 March 1999). Die Bundeswehr zieht in den Krieg. 60xdeutschland.de. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2011-09-03. یوْخلانیلیب2012-05-06.
  17. ↑ John Pike. Kosovo Order of Battle. Globalsecurity.org. یوْخلانیلیب2012-02-20.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 NATO Operation Allied Force. Defense.gov. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2010-02-28. یوْخلانیلیب2012-02-28.
  19. ↑ Kosovo Map The Guardian
  20. ↑ "Fighting for a foreign land". BBC News. 1999-05-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/348340.stm. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  21. ↑ Russian volunteer's account of Kosovo. The Russia Journal (1999-07-05). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2011-12-26. یوْخلانیلیب2012-02-28.
  22. ↑ Daalder & O'Hanlon 2000, p. 151
  23. 1 2 3 Kosovo Memory Book Database Presentation and Evaluation. یوْخلانیلیب6 February 2016.
  24. ↑ "Two die in Apache crash". BBC News. 1999-05-05. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/335709.stm. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  25. ↑ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام "John Pike" وارد نشده است
  26. ↑ How to Take Down an F-117. Strategypage.com (2005-11-21). یوْخلانیلیب2012-05-06.
  27. ↑ Holloman commander recalls being shot down in Serbia. F-16.net (February 7, 2007). یوْخلانیلیب2012-05-06.
  28. ↑ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام "ejection-history1" وارد نشده است
  29. ↑ "F-117 damage said attributed to full moon". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 1999-05-06. p. A14. Archived from the original on 2011-06-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20110609004521/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADA4695E8E4162&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM#profF-117. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  30. ↑ "Nato loses two planes". BBC News. 1999-05-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/333596.stm. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  31. ↑ Andrei Kislyakov (October 9, 2007). "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Increase In Numbers". RIA Novosti. Radardaily.com. http://www.radardaily.com/reports/Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles_Increase_In_Numbers_999.html. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  32. ↑ Alleged connections between top Kosovo politicians and assassin investigated | World news | The Guardian
  33. ↑ Robert Fisk (21 June 1999). "Serb army 'unscathed by Nato', KLA 'killed more Serbs than Nato did'". The Independent. London. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/serb-army-unscathed-by-nato-kla-killed-more-serbs-than-nato-nato-did-1101448.html. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  34. ↑ NATO nam ubio 1.008 vojnika i policajaca. Mondo. یوْخلانیلیب2013-02-11.
  35. ↑ Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2006). The Balkans: A Post-Communist History. Routledge. p. 558. ISBN 978-0-203-96911-3.
  36. ↑ Chambers II, John Whiteclay (1999). The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19-507198-6.
  37. ↑ Coopersmith, Jonathan; Launius, Roger D. (2003). Taking Off: A Century of Manned Flight. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-56347-610-5.
  38. ↑ Andrew Cockburn (3 April 2011). "The limits of air power". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/03/opinion/la-oe-cockburn-libya-20110403. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  39. ↑ Macdonald 2007, pp. 99.
  40. ↑ Bacevich & Cohen 2001, p. 22
  41. ↑ List of Kosovo War Victims Published
  42. 1 2 Facts and Figurues - War in Europe. یوْخلانیلیب27 January 2015.
  43. ↑ Serbia: 13,000 killed and missing from Kosovo war – rights group. Relief Web (6 October 2009). یوْخلانیلیب31 December 2012.
  44. ↑ Judah, Tim (2009). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. Yale University Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-300-15826-7.
  45. ↑ Kosovo/Kosova: As Seen. pp. Part III, Chap 14. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (کؤمک)
  46. ↑ Demystifying „NATO Aggression and the Fight Against Shiptar Terrorists“
  47. ↑ Serbia marks anniversary of NATO bombing. B92. یوْخلانیلیب2012-05-06.
  48. ↑ Mann (2005), p. 357
  49. ↑ Judah, Tim. Kosovo: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-974103-8.
  50. ↑ Civilian Deaths in the NATO Air Campaign – The Crisis In Kosovo. HRW. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2009-04-19. یوْخلانیلیبJanuary 20, 2012.
  51. ↑ Kosovo Memory Book. HLC. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2012-06-03.
  1. ↑ [۶][۷][۸][۹][۱۰]
  2. ↑ Serbia claims that 1,008 Yugoslav soldiers and policemen were killed by NATO bombing.[۳۴] NATO initially claimed that 5,000 Yugoslav servicemen had been killed and 10,000 had been wounded during the NATO air campaign.[۳۵][۳۶] NATO has since revised this estimation to 1,200 Yugoslav soldiers and policemen killed.[۳۷]
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