مارتین ون بورن

Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren
	Van Buren ت 1855–1858
8th President of the United States
	ایشده; March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841
Vice President	ریچارد ام. جانسون
قاباقکی	اندرو جکسون
سونراکی	ویلیام هنری هریسون
8th Vice President of the United States
	ایشده; March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837
رییس‌جومهور	اندرو جکسون
قاباقکی	جان سی. کلهون
سونراکی	ریچارد ام. جانسون
13th United States Minister to the United Kingdom
	ایشده; August 8, 1831 – April 4, 1832
رییس‌جومهور	اندرو جکسون
قاباقکی	لویی مک‌لین
سونراکی	Aaron Vail (acting)
10th United States Secretary of State
	ایشده; مارس ۲۸, ۱۸۲۹ – مئی ۲۳, ۱۸۳۱
رییس‌جومهور	اندرو جکسون
قاباقکی	هنری کلی
سونراکی	ادوارد لیوینقستون
9th Governor of New York
	ایشده; ژانویه ۱ – مارس ۱۲, ۱۸۲۹
Lieutenant	انوز تی. تروپ
قاباقکی	ناتانیل پیتچر
سونراکی	انوز تی. تروپ
United States Senator; from نیویورک ایالتی
	ایشده; March 4, 1821 – December 20, 1828
قاباقکی	ناتان سنفورد
سونراکی	چارلز ئی. دادلی
14th Attorney General of New York
	ایشده; February 17, 1815 – July 8, 1819
Governor	دانیل تامپکینز; John Tayler (acting); DeWitt Clinton;
قاباقکی	آبراهام وان وچتن
سونراکی	توماس جی. اواکلی
Member of the New York Senate from the Middle District
	ایشده; 1813–1820
قاباقکی	Edward Philip Livingston
سونراکی	John Miller
Surrogate of Columbia County
	ایشده; 1808–1813
قاباقکی	James I. Van Alen
سونراکی	James Vanderpoel
شخصی بیلگیلر
دوغوم	Maarten Van Buren; ۵ دسامبر ۱۷۸۲; Kinderhook, New York, U.S.
اؤلوم	۲۴ جولای ۱۸۶۲ (۷۹ یاش); Kinderhook, New York, U.S.
اؤلوم سببی	Bronchial asthma, heart failure
ایستراحت یئری	Kinderhook Reformed Church Cemetery
سیاسی حزبی	Democratic-Republican (1799–1825); Free Soil (1848–1852); آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی (1825–1848, 1852–1862);
حیات یولداشلاری	Hannah Hoes (ائولی ۱۸۰۷–۱۸۱۹)
اوشاقلاری	5, including Abraham, جان وان بورن
والئدینی	Abraham Van Buren; Maria Hoes Van Alen;
ایمضاسی
Nickname(s)	Little Van, Old Kinderhook, The Little Magician, The Red Fox of Kinderhook, Martin van Ruin, The Mistletoe Politician

مارتین ون بورن اینگیلیسجه: Martin von buren (دوغوم:۱۷۸۲،اؤلوم:۱۸۶۲) آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۸اینجی جومهورباشقانی.۱۸۳۷دن ۱۸۴۱قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو.

نوتلار

^ The "mistletoe" nickname was inspired by the fact that mistletoe is a parasitic plant which attaches itself to a host tree to survive. Comparing Van Buren to mistletoe implied that he advanced politically only through his connection to the "Old Hickory" tree, which represented Andrew Jackson. This idea was common in Whig propaganda pieces, and also seen in political comics such as The Rejected Minister, where Van Buren is shown being carried into office by Jackson.

قایناقلار

^ The Wise Guide : The Red Fox of Kinderhook (December 2011).
^ Silbey, Joel (September 26, 2016). Martin Van Buren. یوْخلانیلیبJune 15, 2018.
^ Hatfield, Mark O. (1997). "Martin Van Buren (1833–1837)" (PDF). Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789–1993 (PDF). Senate Historical Office. Washington: US Government Printing Office. pp. 105–118. OCLC 606133503. June 15, 2018-ده یوخلانیب.

Sources

Brooke, John L. (2010). "Chapter 7: 'Party and Corruption: The Columbia Junto and the Rise of Martin Van Buren, 1799–1812'". Columbia Rising: Civil Life on the Upper Hudson from the Revolution to the Age of Jackson. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807833230.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

Cole, Donald (1984). Martin Van Buren and the American Political System. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691640259.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What hath God wrought: the transformation of America, 1815–1848. New York, New York: Oxford University Press USA. ISBN 9780195078947.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

Niven, John; Speirs, Katherine (1983). Martin Van Buren : The Romantic Age of American Politics. New York, New York: Oxford University Press USA. ISBN 9780945707257.

Nowlan, Robert A. (2012). The American presidents, from Washington to Tyler. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0786463367.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

Shepard, Edward M. (2016) [1889]. Martin Van Buren (American Statesmen Series). Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co./Palala Press. ISBN 9781358272783.

Silbey, Joel H. (2002). Martin Van Buren and the Emergence of American Popular Politics. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742522435.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

Widmer, Ted (2005). Martin Van Buren: The American Presidents Series: The 8th President, 1837-1841. New York, New York: Times Books. ISBN 9780805069228.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

Wilson, Major L. (1984). The Presidency of Martin Van Buren. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700602384.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

آرتیق اوخو

Alexander, Holmes (1935). The American Talleyrand: Martin Van Buren.

Boller, Paul F. (2004). "Chapter 13: Van Buren's Victory over three Whigs". Presidential Campaigns: From George Washington to George W. Bush. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195167160.

Curtis, James C. (1970). The Fox at Bay: Martin Van Buren and the Presidency, 1837–1841. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813112145.

Curtis, James C. "In the Shadow of Old Hickory: The Political Travail of Martin Van Buren." Journal of the Early Republic 1.3 (1981): 249-267 online.

Derthick, Martha (June 13, 1999). Dilemmas of Scale in America's Federal Democracy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521640398. March 2, 2015-ده یوخلانیب.

Gammon, Samuel Rhea (1922). The Presidential Campaign of 1832. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

Henretta, James A. (2004). "Martin Van Buren". In Brinkley, Alan; Dyer, Davis (eds.). The American Presidency. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 103–114. ISBN 0-618-38273-9.

Holt, Michael F. (1999). The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195055443.

Lynch, Denis Tilden (1929). An Epoch and a Man: Martin Van Buren and His Times. New York: H. Liveright.

Mihalkanin, Edward, ed. (2004). "Martin Van Buren". American Statesmen: Secretaries of State from John Jay to Colin Powell. Westport, CT: Greenport Press. p. 504–511. ISBN 978-0313308284.

Remini, Robert V. (1959). Martin Van Buren and the making of the Democratic Party. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231022880. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (کؤمک)

Remini, Robert V. "The Albany Regency." New York History 39.4 (1958): 341+.

Schouler, James (1889). History of the United States of America, 1831–1847. Democrats and Whigs. Vol. 4. Washington: W. H. Morrison.

Sellers, Charles (1992). The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195038897.

Silbey, Joel H. (2009). Party Over Section: The Rough and Ready Presidential Election of 1848. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700616404.

Silbey, Joel H. (2014). A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents, 1837–1861. Wiley. pp. 109–154. ISBN 9781118609293.

Wise, W. Harvey; Cronin, John W., eds. (2010). A Bibliography Of Andrew Jackson And Martin Van Buren. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1163196939.

Books by Van Buren

Van Buren, Martin (1867). Van Buren, Abraham; Van Buren, John (eds.). Inquiry into the Origin and Course of Political Parties in the United States. New York: Hurd and Houghton. ISBN 1-4181-2924-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (کؤمک)
Van Buren, Martin (1920). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The Autobiography of Martin Van Buren. Annual Report Of The American Historical Association For The Year 1918. Vol. II. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. ISBN 0-678-00531-1.

ائشیک باغلانتیلار

White House biography
United States Congress. مارتین ون بورن (id: V000009). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Martin Van Buren: A Resource Guide at the Library of Congress
The Papers of Martin Van Buren at Cumberland University
The American Presidency Project - The Papers of Martin Van Buren (Online Collection) at کالیفورنیا، سانتا باربارا بیلیم‌یوردو
American President: Martin Van Buren (1782–1862) at the Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia
Inaugural Address (March 4, 1837), at the Miller Center
Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (Lindenwald), National Park Service
"Life Portrait of Martin Van Buren", from C-SPAN's American Presidents: Life Portraits, May 3, 1999
Works by Martin Van Buren at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about مارتین ون بورن at Internet Archive
Works by مارتین ون بورن at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

[4] The "mistletoe" nickname was inspired by the fact that mistletoe is a parasitic plant which attaches itself to a host tree to survive. Comparing Van Buren to mistletoe implied that he advanced politically only through his connection to the "Old Hickory" tree, which represented Andrew Jackson. This idea was common in Whig propaganda pieces, and also seen in political comics such as The Rejected Minister, where Van Buren is shown being carried into office by Jackson.

[Library_of_Congress_2011-1] The Wise Guide : The Red Fox of Kinderhook (December 2011).

[Miller_Center_2016-2] Silbey, Joel (September 26, 2016). Martin Van Buren. یوْخلانیلیبJune 15, 2018.

[Hatfield_1997-3] Hatfield, Mark O. (1997). "Martin Van Buren (1833–1837)" (PDF). Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789–1993 (PDF). Senate Historical Office. Washington: US Government Printing Office. pp. 105–118. OCLC 606133503. June 15, 2018-ده یوخلانیب.

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