ویکی‌پدیا:مقاله باشلیقلاری
 | بۇ صفحه ویکی‌پدیا سیاستلریندن بیری ساییلیر. بۇ سیاست چوخلو ایشلدنلر طرفیندن قبول اوْلونماقدادیر و بۆتون ایشلدنلر اونو رعایت ائتمه‌لیدیر. بۇ سیاستلرده هر دییشیک‌لیک اۆچون اؤنجه اوْنون اۆستونده ایجماع اوْلمالیدیر. |
 | بو صفحه بیر باخیشدا: Article titles should be recognizable, concise, natural, precise, and consistent. |
ویکی‌پدیادا مقاله باشلیغی مقاله‌نین مضمونونون یۇخاریسیندا گؤستریلن بؤیوک باشلیقدیر و مقاله‌نین صفحه آدی و یوآرال-ی اۆچون اساسدیر.[a] باشلیق مقاله‌نین ندن بحث ائتدیینی گؤستریر و اوْنو دیگر مقاله‌لردن فرقلندیریر.[b]
باشلیق ساده‌جه اوْلاراق مقاله‌نین مووضوعسونون آدی (یادا بیر آدی) اوْلا بیلر و یا مقاله‌نین مووضوعسونون آدی یوْخدورسا، مووضوعنون توضیحی اوْلا بیلر. هئچ بیر ایکی مقاله عینی باشلیغا مالیک اوْلا بیلمه‌دیگی اۆچون[c] بعضاً آددان سوْنرا پارانتز ایچریسینده توضیح شکلینده فرقلندیریجی معلومات علاوه ائتمک لازیمدیر. عمومیتله، مقاله باشلیقلاری مووضوعنون اعتیبارلی قایناقلاردا نئجه آدلاندیریلدیغینا اساسلانیر. بو، چوْخسایلی ایمکانلار تقدیم ائتدیکده، دییشدیریجیلر بیر نئچه پرینسیپی نظره آلاراق اوْنلارین آراسیندا ن سئچیم ائدیرلر: ایده‌آل مقاله باشلیغی مووضوعنو دقیق موعین ائدیر؛ قیسا، طبیعی، سئچیلن و تانینیر؛ و اوْخشار مقاله‌لرین باشلیقلارینا بنزییر.
بو صفحه مقاله باشلیقلارینین سئچیمینین اساسلاندیغی مۆلاحیضه‌لری و یا آدقویماق قایدالارینی اطرافلی ایضاح ائدیر. بو صفحه بؤلمه‌لر کیمی دیگر آد فضلارینداکی صفحه‌لر اۆچون باشلیقلارین توضیحلرین گؤسترمیر. بو، دیگر داها مخصوص تعلیماتلارلا تماملانیر (ساغداکی قوتویا باخین)، بۇنلار دیگر سیاستلرله، خصوصاً ده اۆچ اساس مضمون سیاستی ایله بیرلیکده شرح ائدیلمه‌لیدیر: یوْخلانیلابیلرلیک، اورجینال آراشدیرمالارا یئر وئرمه‌مک و طرفسیز باخیش.
لازیم گلرسه، مقاله‌نین باشلیغی صفحه‌نین داشیماسی ایله دییشدیریله بیلر. صفحه‌نین کؤچورولمه‌سی پروسه‌لری حاقیندا معلومات اۆچون ویکی‌پدیا: صحیفه داشیماسی و ویکی‌پدیا:داشیما ایستکلری-نه باخین.
مقاله‌نین باشلیغینا قرار وئرمک
[دَییشدیر]مقاله باشلیقلاری اینگیلیس دیللی قایناقلارین مقاله‌سینین مووضوعسونا نئجه ایستیناد ائتدیگینه اساسلانیر. چوخ وقت مقاله اۆچون بیردن چوْخ اۇیغون باشلیق اوْلور. بو حالدا، دییشدیریجیلر بۇ صفحه‌نین ایضاح ائتدیی مۆلاحیضه‌لره اساسلاناراق فیکیر بیرلیگی ایله اَن یاخشی باشلیغی سئچیرلر. یاخشی بیر ویکی‌پدیا مقاله باشلیغی آشاغیداکی بئش خۆصوصییته مالیکدیر:
- تانینما قابیلییتی – باشلیق، موطلق بیر متخصص اوْلماسا دا، مووضوع ساحه‌سینده تانیش اوْلان بیرینین تانییاجاغی مووضوعنون آدی و یا توصیفیدیر.
- طبیعیلیک – باشلیق اوْخوجولارین آختاراجاغی و دییشدیریجیلرین طبیعی اوْلاراق دیگر مقاله‌لردن مقاله‌یه کئچید ائتمک اۆچون ایستیفاده ائده‌جه‌یی باشلیقدیر. بئله بیر باشلیق عادتاً مووضوعنون تورکجه دیلینده اصلینده نه آدلاندیریلدیغینی بیلدیریر.
- دقیقلیک – باشلیق بیرمعنالی شکیلده مقاله‌نین مووضوعسونو بَللیلشدیریر و اوْنو دیگر مووضوعلاردان فرقلندیریر.
- قیسا – مقاله‌نین مووضوعسونو موعین ائتمک و اوْنو دیگر مووضوعلاردان فرقلندیرمک اۆچون باشلیق لازیم اوْلدوغوندان آرتیق دئییل.
- دایمی‌لیک – باشلیق اوْخشار مقاله‌لرین باشلیقلارینین نۆمونه‌سینه اۇیغوندور. بو نۆمونه‌لرین بیر چوْخو یۇخاریداکی خانادا مقاله باشلیقلاریندا کۇنو-خۆصوصی آدلاندیرما قرارلاری کیمی وئریلمیشدیر (و علاقه‌لندیریلمیشدیر).
These should be seen as goals, not as rules. For most topics, there is a simple and obvious title that meets these goals satisfactorily. If so, use it as a straightforward choice. However, in some cases the choice is not so obvious. It may be necessary to favor one or more of these goals over the others. This is done by consensus. For instance, the recognizable, natural, and concise title بیرلشمیش شاهلیق is preferred over the more precise title بیرلشمیش شاهلیق.
When titling articles in specific fields, or with respect to particular problems, there is often previous consensus that can be used as a precedent. Look to the guideline pages referenced. When no previous consensus exists, a new consensus is established through discussion, with the above questions in mind. The choice of article titles should put the interests of readers before those of editors, and those of a general audience before those of specialists.
Redirects should be created to articles that may reasonably be searched for or linked to under two or more names (such as different spellings or former names). Conversely, a name that could refer to several different articles may require disambiguation.
عۆمومی تانینان آدلاردان ایستیفاده ائدین
[دَییشدیر]In Wikipedia, an article title is a natural-language word or expression that indicates the subject of the article; as such, the article title is usually the name of the person, or of the place, or of whatever else the topic of the article is. However, some topics have multiple names, and some names have multiple topics; this can lead to disagreement about which name should be used for a given article's title. Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of independent, reliable English-language sources) as such names will usually best fit the five criteria listed above.[d] When there is no single, obvious name that is demonstrably the most frequently used for the topic by these sources, editors should reach a consensus as to which title is best by considering these criteria directly.
For cases where usage differs among English-speaking countries, see also National varieties of English, below.
Editors should also consider all five of the criteria for article titles outlined above. Ambiguous[e] or inaccurate names for the article subject, as determined in reliable sources, are often avoided even though they may be more frequently used by reliable sources. Neutrality is also considered; see § Neutrality in article titles, below. Article titles should be neither vulgar (unless unavoidable) nor pedantic. When there are multiple names for a subject, all of which are fairly common, and the most common has problems, it is perfectly reasonable to choose one of the others.
Although official, scientific, birth, original, or trademarked names are often used for article titles, the term or name most typically used in reliable sources is generally preferred. Other encyclopedias are among the sources that may be helpful in deciding what titles are in an encyclopedic register, as well as what names are most frequently used.
The following are examples of the application of the concept of commonly used names in support of recognizability:
- ماهاتما قاندی (not: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi)
- مانسا موسی (not: Musa I)
- بیل کلینتون (not: William Jefferson Clinton)
- جئی.کئی. رولینق (not: Joanne Rowling)
- بونو (not: Paul Hewson)
- مارکوس آنتونیوس (not: Marcus Antonius)
- آلمان (not: Deutschland)
- جیزه هرمی (not: Pyramid of Khufu)
- قوزئی کوره (not: Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- وست مینیستر کیلیساسی (not: Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster)
علمی و تکنیکی مووضوعلار
- آسپیرین (not: acetylsalicylic acid)
- Diesel engine (not: compression-ignition engine)
- دنیز دونوزجوغو (not: Cavia porcellus)
- اوشاق فلجی (not: poliomyelitis)
- Spanish flu (not: 1918 influenza pandemic)
محصول آدلاری و اۇیدورما شخصیتلر
- Windows XP (not: Windows NT 5.1)
- King K. Rool (not: King "Krusha" K. Rool)
- Sailor Moon (character) (not: Usagi Tsukino)
باشقا مووضوعلار
- Cello (not: Violoncello)
- فیفا (not: Fédération Internationale de Football Association or International Federation of Association Football)
- Mueller report (not: Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election)
In determining which of several alternative names is most frequently used, it is useful to observe the usage of major international organizations, major English-language media outlets, quality encyclopedias, geographic name servers, major scientific bodies, and notable scientific journals. A search engine may help to collect this data; when using a search engine, restrict the results to pages written in English, and exclude the word "Wikipedia". When using Google, generally a search of Google Books and News Archive should be defaulted to before a web search, as they concentrate reliable sources (exclude works from Books, LLC when searching Google Books[f]). Search engine results are subject to certain biases and technical limitations; for detailed advice on the use of search engines and the interpretation of their results, see Wikipedia:Search engine test.
Name changes
[دَییشدیر]Sometimes the subject of an article will undergo a change of name. When this occurs, we give extra weight to independent, reliable English-language sources ("reliable sources") written after the name change. If the reliable sources written after the change is announced routinely use the new name, Wikipedia should follow suit and change relevant titles to match. If, on the other hand, reliable sources written after the name change is announced continue to use the established name when discussing the article topic in the present day, Wikipedia should continue to do so as well, as described above in "Use commonly recognizable names".
Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. We do not know what terms or names will be used in the future, but only what is and has been in use, and is therefore familiar to our readers. However, common sense can be applied – if the subject of an article has a name change, it is reasonable to consider the usage following the change in reliable, English-language sources. This provision also applies to names used as part of descriptive titles.
مقاله باشلیغلاریندا طرفسیزلیک
[دَییشدیر]چوخ وقت مقاله باشلیغینین ویکی‌پدیانین طرفسیزلیک سیاستینه اۇیغون اوْلوب-اولماماسی ایله باغلی مۆناقیشه‌لر یارانیر. بو جۆر مۆباحیثه‌لرین حلی مقاله‌نین باشلیغینین اعتیبارلی قایناقلاردان آلینمیش آد و یا ویکی‌پدیا دییشدیریجیلری طرفیندن یارادیلمیش توضیحلی باشلیق اوْلماسیندان وابسته‌دیر.
طرفسیز اوْلمایان، لاکین عۆمومی آدلار
[دَییشدیر]When the subject of an article is referred to mainly by a single common name, as evidenced through usage in a significant majority of English-language sources, Wikipedia generally follows the sources and uses that name as its article title (subject to the other naming criteria). Sometimes that common name includes non-neutral words that Wikipedia normally avoids (e.g. بؤیوک ایسکندر, or the Teapot Dome scandal). In such cases, the prevalence of the name, or the fact that a given description has effectively become a proper name (and that proper name has become the common name), generally overrides concern that Wikipedia might appear as endorsing one side of an issue. An article title with non-neutral terms cannot simply be a name commonly used in the past; it must be the common name in current use.
Notable circumstances under which Wikipedia often avoids a common name for lacking neutrality include the following:
- Trendy slogans and monikers that seem unlikely to be remembered or connected with a particular issue years later
- Colloquialisms where far more encyclopedic alternatives are obvious
Article titles and redirects should anticipate what readers will type as a first guess and balance that with what readers expect to be taken to. Thus, typing "Octomom" properly redirects to Nadya Suleman, which is in keeping with point 2, above. Typing "آیفون ۴" redirects the reader to a particular section of آیفون ۴, which is in keeping with points 1 and 2, above. Typing "Great Leap Forward" does not redirect, which is in keeping with the general principle.
Non-judgmental descriptive titles
[دَییشدیر]In some cases a descriptive phrase (such as Restoration of the Everglades) is best as the title. These are often invented specifically for articles, and should reflect a neutral point of view, rather than suggesting any editor's opinions. Avoid judgmental and non-neutral words; for example, allegation or alleged can either imply wrongdoing, or in a non-criminal context may imply a claim "made with little or no proof" and so should be avoided in a descriptive title. (Exception: articles where the topic is an actual accusation of illegality under law, discussed as such by reliable sources even if not yet proven in a court of law. These are appropriately described as "allegations".)
However, non-neutral but common names (see preceding subsection) may be used within a descriptive title. Even descriptive titles should be based on sources, and may therefore incorporate names and terms that are commonly used by sources. (Example: Because "Boston Massacre" is an acceptable title on its own, the descriptive title "Political impact of the Boston Massacre" would also be acceptable.)
آیدین قرارلار
[دَییشدیر]ویکی‌پدیادا خۆصوصی مووضوع دامنه‌لری ایله باغلی بیر چوْخ آدلاندیرما قایدالاری وار (بو صفحه‌نین یۇخاریسینداکی قوتودا قید ائدیلدیی کیمی). نادر حاللاردا بۇنلار جدی عۆمومی آد اوْلمایان باشلیقلارین ایستیفاده‌سینی توصیه ائدیر (طیب قایدالاریندا اوْلدوغو کیمی). ایختیصاصلاشمیش آدلاردان ایستیفاده‌نین بۇ تجروبه‌سی تئز-تئز مۆباحیثه‌لیدیر و عۆمومی آدلارین ایستیفاده‌سیندن داها چوْخ آیدین فایدا گتیرمه‌ینه قدر قبول ائدیلمه‌مه‌لیدیر؛ اوْلدوقدا، قبول ائدیلمیش مقاله باشلیقلاری همین مووضوع ساحه‌سینه خاص اوْلان طرفسیز و عۆمومی قایدالاری رعایت ائتمه‌لی و عکس حالدا ویکی‌پدیادا مقاله‌لره باشلیق وئریلمه‌سی اۆچون عۆمومی پرینسیپلره رعایت ائتمه‌لیدیر.
دقیقلیک و دقیقلشدیرمه
[دَییشدیر]دقیقلیک
[دَییشدیر]Usually, titles should unambiguously define the topical scope of the article, but should be no more precise than that. For instance, ترزا آنا is too precise, as ترزا آنا is precise enough to indicate exactly the same topic. On the other hand, Columbia would not be precise enough to unambiguously identify the کولمبیا چایی.
Exceptions to the precision criterion may sometimes result from the application of some other naming criteria. Most of these exceptions are described in specific Wikipedia guidelines or by Wikipedia projects, such as Primary topic, Geographic names, or Names of royals and nobles. For instance:
- بوتل، واشینقتون is already precise enough to be unambiguous, but we instead use بوتل، واشینقتون (see Geographic names), seeking a more natural and recognizable title which is also consistent with most other articles on American cities.
- انرژی is not precise enough to unambiguously indicate the physical property (see Energy (disambiguation)). However, it is preferred over "Energy (physics)", as it is more concise, and precise enough to be understood by most people (see Primary topic, and the concision and recognizability criteria).
- Leeds North West is precise enough to be unambiguous, but Wikipedia:Naming conventions (UK Parliament constituencies) specify the addition of the qualifier in Leeds North West (UK Parliament constituency) with a redirect from Leeds North West.
- M-185 is precise enough to be unambiguous, but Wikipedia:Naming conventions (U.S. state and territory highways) specify adding the qualifier M-185 (Michigan highway) with a redirect from M-185.
دقیقلشدیرمه
[دَییشدیر]It is not always possible to use the exact title that may be desired for an article, as that title may have other meanings, and therefore may have been already used for other articles. According to the above-mentioned precision criterion, when a more detailed title is necessary to distinguish an article topic from another, use only as much additional detail as necessary. For example, it would be redundant to title an article "Queen (rock band)", as کوئین is precise enough to distinguish the rock band from other uses of the term "Queen". This may lead to some acceptable inconsistency; for instance, the article on chickens is found at تویوق, but the article on turkeys is at هیندوشکا to disambiguate it from the country تورکیه.
As a general rule, when a topic's preferred title can also refer to other topics covered in Wikipedia:
- If the article is about the primary topic to which the ambiguous name refers, then that name can be its title without modification, provided it follows all other applicable policies.
- If the article is not about the primary topic for the ambiguous name, the title must be disambiguated.
When deciding on which disambiguation method(s) to use, all article titling criteria are weighed in:
طرفسیز دقیقلشدیرمه
[دَییشدیر]Using an alternative name that the subject is also commonly called in English reliable sources, albeit not as commonly as the preferred-but-ambiguous title, is sometimes preferred. However, do not use obscure or made-up names.
- Example: The word "French" commonly refers to either the people or the language. Because of the ambiguity, we use the alternative but still common titles, فرانسه دیلی and فرانسه‌لی‌‌لر, allowing natural disambiguation. In a similar vein, یئلپیک is preferable to یئلپیک. Sometimes, this requires a change in the variety of English used; for instance, Lift is a disambiguation page with no primary topic, so Elevator is the title of the article on the lifting device.
ویرگول ایله آیریلمیش دقیقلشدیرمه
[دَییشدیر]With place names, if the disambiguating term is a higher-level administrative division, it is often separated using a comma instead of parentheses, as in وینزر، بارکشر (see Geographic names). Comma-separated titles are also used in other contexts (e.g. دایانا ولز شاهزاده‌سی uses a substantive title as part of the usual Names of royals and nobles conventions, not as a disambiguating term). However, titles such as Tony Blair and واترلو دؤیوشو are preferred over alternatives such as "Blair, Anthony Charles Lynton" and "Waterloo, Battle of", in which a comma is used to change the natural ordering of the words.
پارانتزده دقیقلشدیرمه
[دَییشدیر]Adding a disambiguating term in parentheses after the ambiguous name is Wikipedia's standard disambiguation technique when none of the other solutions lead to an optimal article title.
- Example: The word "mercury" has distinct meanings that do not have sufficiently common alternative names, so instead we use parenthetical disambiguation: Mercury (element), عطارد, and Mercury (mythology).
توصیفلی باشلیق
[دَییشدیر]Where there is no acceptable set name for a topic, such that a title of our own conception is necessary, more latitude is allowed to form descriptive and unique titles.
- Examples: List of birds of Nicaragua, Campaign history of the Roman military, Pontius Pilate's wife (see WP:NCP § Descriptive titles)
یۇخاریداکیلارین بیرلشمه‌لری
[دَییشدیر]These are exceptional, in most cases to be avoided as per ویکی‌پدیا:آدقویماق قایدالاری.
- Example: "comma-separated" + "parenthetical": Wiegenlied, D 498 (Schubert) (see Talk:Wiegenlied, D 498 (Schubert) § Requested moves)
Commas and parentheses (round brackets) are the only characters that can be used without restriction to separate a disambiguating term in an article title. Colons can be used in the limited cases of subtitles of some creative works and lists split over several pages.
When a spelling variant indicates a distinct topic
[دَییشدیر]Ambiguity may arise when typographically near-identical expressions have distinct meanings, e.g. iron maiden vs. ایرن میدن, or friendly fire vs. the other meanings listed at Friendly Fire. The general approach is that whatever readers might type in the search box, they are guided as swiftly as possible to the topic they might reasonably be expected to be looking for, by such disambiguation techniques as hatnotes and/or disambiguation pages. When such navigation aids are in place, small details are usually sufficient to distinguish topics, e.g. MAVEN vs. Maven; Airplane! vs. اوچاق; Sea-Monkeys vs. SeaMonkey; The Wörld Is Yours vs. other topics listed at The World Is Yours.
However, when renaming to a less ambiguous page name can be done without wandering from ویکی‌پدیا:آدقویماق قایدالاری, such renaming should be considered:
- Renaming "Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Joannem" to "Passio (Pärt)" for the ambiguity of the first expression with Passio Domini Nostri Iesu Christi secundum Ioannem.
Plural forms may in certain instances also be used to naturally distinguish articles; see Wikipedia:Naming conventions (plurals) § Primary topic for details.
Concision
[دَییشدیر]The goal of concision is to balance brevity with sufficient information to identify the topic to a person familiar with the general subject area.
For example:
- The official name of رود آیلند ایالتی, used in various state publications, was formerly رود آیلند ایالتی. Both titles are precise and unambiguous, but رود آیلند ایالتی was the most concise title to fully identify the subject.
- The full name of Fiona Apple's 1999 album is 90 words and 444 characters long, but it is abbreviated in sources (and in its Wikipedia title) to When the Pawn... (see also WP:SUBTITLES).
Exceptions exist for biographical articles. For example, given names and family names are usually not omitted or abbreviated for the purposes of concision. Thus اپرا وینفری (not اپرا وینفری) and ژان پول سارتر (not ژان پول سارتر). See Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people).
Consistent titling
[دَییشدیر]We strive to make titles on Wikipedia as consistent as possible with other titles on similar subjects. We follow patterns from article titles for similar topics to the extent that this is practical.
There are two main areas, however, where Wikipedians have consistently shown that consistency does not control:
- Disambiguation. For instance, just because گورجوستان exists, there is no reason to have articles titled, for instance, آذربایجان جومهوریتی, ارمنیستان, etc. This applies to natural disambiguation, as well; the existence of Querétaro City and Chihuahua City does not mean we have to retitle Guadalajara to Guadalajara City.
- Spelling that differs between different varieties of English. نارینجی and آچیق یاشیل peaceably coexist, as do motorcycle tyre and snow tire.
The English Wikipedia is also under no obligation to use consistent titles with other language versions of Wikipedia.
English-language titles
[دَییشدیر]On the English Wikipedia, article titles are written using the English language. However, it must be remembered that the English language contains many loan words and phrases taken from other languages. If a word or phrase (originally taken from some other language) is commonly used by English-language sources, it can be considered to be an English-language word or phrase (example: کودیتا or کودیتا).
The English-language names of some topics may differ according to how names are anglicized from other languages, or according to different varieties of English (e.g. American English, British English, Australian English, etc.).
Foreign names and anglicization
[دَییشدیر]The choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow English-language usage, e.g. the non-anglicized titles بزانسون, Søren Kierkegaard, and قوتینقن are used because they predominate in English-language reliable sources, whereas for the same reason the anglicized title forms نورنبرق, delicatessen, and فلورانس are used (as opposed to Nürnberg, Delikatessen, and Firenze, respectively).
If there are too few reliable English-language sources to constitute an established usage, follow the conventions of the language appropriate to the subject (German for German politicians, Portuguese for Brazilian towns, and so on). For lesser known geographical objects or structures with few reliable English sources, follow the translation convention, if any, used for well known objects or structures of the same type e.g. because Rheintal and Moseltal are translated Rhine Valley and Moselle Valley, it makes sense to translate lesser known valley names in the same way. For ideas on how to deal with situations where there are several competing foreign terms, see "Multiple local names" and "Use modern names" in the geographical naming guideline. Such discussions can benefit from outside opinions so as to avoid a struggle over which language to follow.
Names not originally in a Latin alphabet, such as Greek, Chinese, or Russian names, must be romanized. Established systematic romanizations, such as پین‌یین, are preferred. However, if there is a common English-language form of the name, then use it, even if it is unsystematic (as with پیوتر ایلیچ چایکوفسکی and Chiang Kai-shek). For a list of romanization conventions by language, see Wikipedia:Romanization.
Wikipedia generally uses the character æ to represent the Anglo-Saxon ligature æsc. For Latin- or Greek-derived words (e.g. Paean, Amoeba, Estrogen), use e, ae, or oe, depending on modern usage and the national variety of English used in the article.
In deciding whether and how to translate a foreign name into English, follow English-language usage. If there is no established English-language treatment for a name, translate it if this can be done without loss of accuracy and with greater understanding for the English-speaking reader.
National varieties of English
[دَییشدیر]If a topic has strong ties to a particular English-speaking nation, the title of its article should use that nation's variety of English (for example, compare Australian Defence Force with United States Secretary of Defense).
Otherwise, all national varieties of English are acceptable in article titles; Wikipedia does not prefer one in particular. آمریکا اینگیلیسجه‌سی spelling should not be respelled to بیریتانیا اینگیلیسجه‌سی spelling, and vice versa; for example, both color and colour are acceptable and used in article titles (such as color gel and colour state). Very occasionally, a less common but non-nation-specific term is selected to avoid having to choose between national varieties: for example, soft drink was selected to avoid the choice between the British fizzy drink, American soda, American and Canadian pop, and a slew of other nation- and region-specific names.
Treatment of alternative names
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By the design of Wikipedia's software, an article can only have one title. When this title is a name, significant alternative names for the topic should be mentioned in the article, usually in the first sentence or paragraph. If there are three or more alternative names – including alternative spellings, longer or shorter forms, historic names, and significant names in other languages – or there is something notable about the names themselves, a separate name section is recommended. Alternative names may be used in article text when context dictates that they are more appropriate than the name used as the title of the article. For example, the city now called گدانسک is referred to as گدانسک in historic contexts to which that name is more suited (e.g. when it was part of Germany or a Free City). Likewise, even though رنگ's title omits the "u", نارینجی's title does not.
All significant alternative titles, names, or forms of names that apply to a specific article should usually be made to redirect to that article. If they are ambiguous, it should be ensured that the article can at least be reached from a disambiguation page for the alternative term. Note that the exact capitalization of the article's title does not affect Wikipedia search, so it is not necessary to create redirects from alternative capitalizations unless these are likely to be used in links; see Naming conventions (capitalization).
Piped links are often used in article text to allow a subject with a lengthy article title to be referred to using a more concise term where this does not produce ambiguity.
Article title format
[دَییشدیر]The following points are used in deciding on questions not covered by the five principles; consistency on these helps avoid duplicate articles:
Use sentence case
[دَییشدیر]Titles are written in sentence case. The initial letter of a title is almost always capitalized by default; otherwise, words are not capitalized unless they would be so in running text. When this is done, the title is simple to link to in other articles: نورت‌وسترن بیلیم‌یوردو offers more graduate work than a typical liberal arts college. Note that the capitalization of the initial letter is ignored in links. For initial lowercase letters, as in ای‌بی, see the technical restrictions page. For more guidance, see WP:Naming conventions (capitalization) and WP:Manual of Style/Proper names.
Use singular form
[دَییشدیر]Article titles are generally singular in form, e.g. آت, not آت. Exceptions include nouns that are always in a plural form in English (e.g. scissors or trousers) and the names of classes of objects (e.g. Arabic numerals or بانتو دیللری). For more guidance, see WP:Naming conventions (plurals).
Avoid ambiguous abbreviations
[دَییشدیر]Abbreviations and acronyms are often ambiguous and thus should be avoided unless the subject is known primarily by its abbreviation and that abbreviation is primarily associated with the subject (e.g. PBS, ناتو, Laser). It is also unnecessary to include an acronym in addition to the name in a title. Acronyms may be used for parenthetical disambiguation (e.g. موحافیظه‌کار حیزبی (بریتانیا), جورجیا). For more details, see WP:Manual of Style/Abbreviations § Acronyms in page titles.
Avoid definite and indefinite articles
[دَییشدیر]Do not place definite or indefinite articles (the, a, and an) at the beginning of titles unless they are part of a proper name (e.g. قوجا و دنیز) or otherwise change the meaning (e.g. The Crown). They needlessly lengthen article titles, and interfere with sorting and searching. For more guidance, see WP:Naming conventions (definite or indefinite article at beginning of name).
Use nouns
[دَییشدیر]Nouns and noun phrases are normally preferred over titles using other parts of speech; such a title can be the subject of the first sentence. One major exception is for titles that are quotations or titles of works: A rolling stone gathers no moss, or "Try to Remember". Adjective and verb forms (e.g. elegant) should redirect to articles titled with the corresponding noun (Elegance) or disambiguation pages, like Organic and Talk. Sometimes the noun corresponding to a verb is the gerund (-ing form), as in Swimming.
Do not enclose titles in quotes
[دَییشدیر]Article titles that are quotes (or song titles, etc.) are not enclosed in quotation marks (e.g. To be, or not to be is the article title, whereas "To be, or not to be" is a redirect to that article). An exception is made when the quotation marks are part of a name or title (as in the TV episode Marge Simpson in: "Screaming Yellow Honkers" or the album "Heroes" (David Bowie album)).
Do not create subsidiary articles
[دَییشدیر]Do not use titles suggesting that one article forms part of another: even if an article is considered subsidiary to another (as where summary style is used), it should be named independently. For example, an article on transport in Azerbaijan should not be given a name like "Azerbaijan/Transport" or "Azerbaijan (transport)", use Transport in Azerbaijan. (This does not always apply in non-article namespaces; .)
Follow reliable sources for names of persons
[دَییشدیر]When deciding whether to use middle names, or initials, follow the guidelines at WP:Middle names, which means using the form most commonly used by reliable sources (e.g. جان اف. کندی, J. P. Morgan, اف. اسکات فیتزجرالد), with few if any exceptions. See also the Concision section above.
Special characters
[دَییشدیر]There are technical restrictions on the use of certain characters in page titles, due to how MediaWiki stores and matches the titles. The following characters cannot be used at all: # < > [ ] | { } _
There are restrictions on titles containing colons, periods, and some other characters, which may be addressed through Template:Correct title. Technically, all other Unicode characters can be used in page titles. However, some characters should still be avoided or require special treatment:
- Characters not on a standard keyboard (use redirects): Sometimes the most appropriate title contains diacritics (accent marks), dashes, or other letters and characters not found on most English-language keyboards. This can make it difficult to navigate to the article directly. In such cases, provide redirects from versions of the title that use only standard keyboard characters. (Similarly, in cases where it is determined that the most appropriate title is one that omits diacritics, dashes, and other letters not found on most English-language keyboards, provide redirects from versions of the title that contain them.) However, avoid combining diacritical marks, which are difficult to type and interfere with adjacent characters.
- Quotation marks (avoid them): Double ("...") and single quotation marks ('...'), as well as variations such as typographic (curly) quotation marks (“...”), "low-high" quotation marks („...“), guillemets («...»), and angled quotation marks or backticks (`...´) should be avoided in titles. Exceptions can be made when they are part of the proper title (e.g. "A" Is for Alibi) or required by orthography (e.g. ویرد ال یانکوویچ, Fargesia 'Rufa').
- Similarly, various apostrophe(-like) variants (’ ʻ ʾ ʿ ᾿ ῾ ‘ ’ c), should generally not be used in page titles. A common exception is the simple apostrophe character (', same glyph as the single quotation mark) itself (e.g. Anthony d'Offay), which should, however, be used sparingly (e.g. قورآن instead of قورآن and Bismarck (apple) instead of Malus domestica 'Bismarck'). If, exceptionally, other variants are used, a redirect with the apostrophe variant should be created (e.g. 'Elisiva Fusipala Tauki'onetuku redirects to ʻElisiva Fusipala Taukiʻonetuku).
- See also ویکی‌پدیا:یؤندملیک and ویکی‌پدیا:یؤندملیک.
- Symbols (avoid them): Symbols such as "♥", as sometimes found in advertisements or logos, should never be used in titles. This includes non-Latin punctuation such as the characters in Unicode's CJK Symbols and Punctuation block.
- Characters not supported on all browsers (avoid them): If there is a reasonable alternative, avoid characters that are so uncommon that not all browser and operating system combinations will render them. For example, the article Fleur-de-lis carries that title rather than the symbol ⚜ itself, which many readers would see as just a rectangular box.
- Fractions: See . Templates and LaTeX-style markup cannot be used in article titles.
Italics and other formatting
[دَییشدیر]Use italics when ; for example, taxonomic names, the names of ships, the titles of , and are italicized both in ordinary text and in article titles.[g]
The titles of articles, chapters, songs, episodes, storylines, research papers and other short works instead take double quotation marks. Italics are not used for major religious works (the Bible, the Quran, the Talmud). Many of these titles should also be in title case.
Italic formatting cannot be part of the actual (stored) title of a page; adding single quotes to a page title will cause those quotes to become part of the URL, rather than affecting its appearance. A title or part of it is made to appear in italics with the use of the DISPLAYTITLE magic word or the {{Italic title}} template. In addition, certain templates, including شابلون:Infobox book, شابلون:Infobox film, and Template:Infobox album, by default italicize the titles of the pages they appear on; see those template pages for documentation. See WP:Naming conventions (technical restrictions) § Italics and formatting on the technical restrictions page for further details.
Other types of formatting (such as bold type and superscript) can technically be achieved in the same way, but should generally not be used in Wikipedia article titles (except for articles on mathematics). Quotation marks (such as around song titles) would not require special techniques for display, but are nevertheless avoided in titles; see § Article title format above.
Standard English and trademarks
[دَییشدیر]Article titles follow standard English text formatting in the case of trademarks, unless the trademarked spelling is demonstrably the most common usage in sources independent of the owner of the trademark. Items in full or partial uppercase (such as Invader ZIM) should have standard capitalization (Invader Zim); however, if the name is ambiguous, and one meaning is usually capitalized, this is one possible method of disambiguation.
Exceptions include article titles with the first letter lowercase and the second letter uppercase, such as iPod and ای‌بی. For these, see WP:Naming conventions (technical restrictions) § Lowercase first letter.
Titles containing "and"
[دَییشدیر]Sometimes two or more closely related or complementary concepts are most sensibly covered by a single article. Where possible, use a title covering all cases: for example, Endianness covers the concepts "big-endian" and "little-endian". Where no reasonable overarching title is available, it is permissible to construct an article title using "and", as in Promotion and relegation, Hellmann's and Best Foods, Tropical storms Amanda and Cristobal and Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9. (The individual terms – such as Pioneer 6 – should redirect to the combined page, or be linked there via a disambiguation page or hatnote if they have other meanings.)
It is generally best to list topics in alphabetical order, especially those involving different countries or cultures, as in Canada–United States border. However, when a conventional or more logical ordering exists, it should be used instead, such as at yin and yang. If one concept is more commonly encountered than the other, it may be listed first, as in Electrical resistance and conductance. Alternative titles using reverse ordering (such as Relegation and promotion) should be redirects.
Titles containing "and" are often red flags that the article has neutrality problems or is engaging in original research: avoid the use of "and" in ways that appear biased. For example, use Islamic terrorism, not "Islam and terrorism"; however, "Media coupling of Islam and terrorism" may be acceptable. Avoid the use of "and" to combine concepts that are not commonly combined in reliable sources.
Considering changes
[دَییشدیر]Changing one controversial title to another without a discussion that leads to consensus is strongly discouraged. If an article title has been stable for a long time,[۱] and there is no good reason to change it, it should not be changed. Consensus among editors determines if there does exist a good reason to change the title. If it has never been stable, or it has been unstable for a long time, and no consensus can be reached on what the title should be, default to the title the article had when the first major contribution after the article ceased to be a stub was made.[h]
Any potentially controversial proposal to change a title should be advertised at ویکی‌پدیا:داشیما ایستکلری, and consensus reached before any change is made. Debating controversial titles is often unproductive, and there are many other ways to help improve Wikipedia.
In discussing the appropriate title of an article, remember that the choice of title is not dependent on whether a name is "right" in a moral or political sense. Nor does the use of a name in the title of one article require that all related articles use the same name in their titles; there is often some reason for inconsistencies in common usage. For example, Wikipedia has articles on both the ایستالینقراد دؤیوشو and on ولقوقراد, which is the current name of Stalingrad.
Although titles for articles are subject to consensus, do not invent names or use extremely uncommon names as a means of compromising between opposing points of view. Wikipedia describes current usage but cannot prescribe a particular usage or invent new names.
Proposed naming conventions and guidelines
[دَییشدیر]Proposals for new naming conventions and guidelines should be advertised on this page's talk page, at requests for comment, the Village Pump, and any related pages. If a strong consensus has formed, the proposal is adopted and is added to the naming conventions category.
New naming conventions for specific categories of articles often arise from WikiProjects. For a manually updated list of current and former proposals, see Proposed naming conventions and guidelines.
همچینین باخ
[دَییشدیر]- Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Article titles
- Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section § Format of the first sentence
- Wikipedia:Category names, a list of guidelines concerning naming conventions for categories
- Linguistic description and Linguistic prescription
- MediaWiki:TitleBlacklist extension, a tool to block the creation of pages with disallowed titles (and their derivatives/variants)
- Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions), software limitations on the names of Wikipedia pages (articles, categories, templates, etc.)
- Wikipedia:In versus of, proper use of in and of (or some alternatives, as from and on)
- Wikipedia:Ambiguous subjects
- Wikipedia:Reliable sources § Headlines, on the unreliability of news headlines for sourcing
نوتلار
[دَییشدیر]- ^ Specifically, it is the
<h1 id="firstHeading">HTML element that appears at the top of the article's page. It should be the only<h1>element on the page, but because editors have the ability to add any level of heading to a page's text, that cannot be guaranteed. - ^ The title displayed as the article's main heading is usually identical (and always similar) to the stored title by which the page is referenced in category listings, recent changes lists, etc., and that appears (suitably encoded as necessary) in the page's URL. For technical details, see Wikipedia:Page name.
- ^ It is technically possible, but undesirable for various reasons, to make different pages display with the same title.
- ^ This includes but is not limited to usage in the sources used as references for the article. Discussions about article titles commonly look at additional off-site sourcing, such as frequency of usage in news publications, books, and journals. "Common name" in the context of article naming means a commonly or frequently used name, and not necessarily a common (vernacular) name, as opposed to scientific name, as used in some disciplines.
- ^ Ambiguity as used here is unrelated to whether a title requires disambiguation pages on the English Wikipedia. For example, "heart attack" is an ambiguous title, because the term can refer to multiple medical conditions, including اۆرک دورماسی and اۆرک حمله سی.
- ^ Add this code in the search: -inauthor:"Books, LLC" (the quotation marks " " are essential); Books, LLC "publishes" compilations of WP articles.
- ^ This was decided during a July–September 2010 poll; see Wikipedia talk:Article titles/Archive 29 § RfC: Use of italics in article titles, as well as the discussions that led up to the poll at WT:Manual of Style/Archive 116 § Italicised article titles, and WT:Manual of Style/Archive 116 § Request for comment: Use of italics in article names.
- ^ This paragraph was adopted to stop move warring. It is an adaptation of the wording in the Manual of Style, which is based on the Arbitration Committee's decision in the Jguk case.
ائشیک باغلانتلاری
[دَییشدیر]- Google Book Ngram Viewer, a graphic plotter of case-sensitive frequency of multi-term usage in books over time, through 2019
| عومومی باخیش | |
|---|---|
| عومومی اصللر | |
| مؤحتوا سیاستلری | |
| آیری مؤحتوا سیاستلری | |
| مؤحتوا تاپشیریقلاری | |
| داورانیش سیاستلری | |
| داورانیش تاپشیریقلاری | |
| دییشدیرمه تاپشیریقلاری | |
| ویکیمدیا تشکیلاتی | |
آد قوْیماق قایدالاری ویکی‌پدیانین اوْ بیری قایدالارییلا بیرلیکده ایشله‌ییر. بۇنا اساساً آدقوْیماقدا طرفسیزلیک گؤزلنیلمک‌له برابر، گئچرلی قایناقلارا اۇیغون آد سئچیلمه‌لیدیر. هر حالدا اورجینال آراشدیرمالارا یئر وئرمک اوْلماز.
پئیغمبرلر و ایماملار آدی
[دَییشدیر]- بۆتونلوکله آدقوْیماقدا هامی‌یا تانیش اوْلان آددان فایدالانماق لازیمدیر. بللیدیرکی هامی‌یا تانیش اوْلان آدا، ایسته‌نیلن زامان، کیفایت قدر گئچرلی قایناق گؤسترمک ائله‌ده چتین اوْلماز.
- پئیغمبر و ایمام آدلاریندا دائیماً ایشله‌نن عۆنوانلار بۇ آدلارین بیر جۆزئو حیساب اوْلاراق، ادبی دیلده و قایناقلاردا ایشلنن کیمی، آدلاری ایله بیرلیکده ایشلنه‌جکدیر. اؤرنک اۆچون حضرت محمد (ص)، ایمام صادق (ع)
- آد قوْیماقدا ویکی‌پدیانین نه اوْلمادیغینی نظره آلاراق هانسیسا ایهانت و یا تحقیر کیمی باشا دۆشولن آدلاردان اۇزاق گزمک لازیمدیر.
- ^ No clear consensus has been found for a timeframe, see Wikipedia:Stable version to revert to (and the talk) the content change after the move is also relevant as well as the time a previous move was made meaning if significant changes have been made after a move several months may be considered "stable" otherwise significantly longer is generally required.